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| | Landscaping Indoors |
 | | Most epiphytic ferns have an extensive rhizome system that grows around their "support structure." The rhizomes will grow all around your basket or pot, so they should be "planted" on the surface and then allowed to grow "outside" the container. | | | Ferns tend to have small, delicate root systems, so when potting, don't disturb the root ball too much and firm the soil in place, but don't "pack" it in. | | | The majority of ferns make their homes in moist tropical forests, but they also venture into cold temperate zones, bodies of water, and even the desert. |
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http://www.bbg.org/gar2/topics/indoor/handbooks/landscaping/ferns.html
(1820 words)
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| | The Pteridophyte Clade |
| | Ferns and all the seed plants appear to have arisen from a common ancestry with the Trimerophytes as well, and as will be seen, the sporangia either are borne on the margins of megaphylls or they remain terminal on modified branches. | | | Fern sporangia are of two types, eusporangia and leptosporangia. | | | Ferns grow under a variety of conditions and have a variety of forms specialized for habitats ranging from terrestrial to epiphytic to aquatic. |
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http://www.bio.ilstu.edu/Armstrong/syllabi/222book/chapt9.htm
(9122 words)
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| | Fern sporangium |
| | Sori are elongated and covered by an indusium that is attached to one side; the free edge is serated. | | | Todea barbara, sporangia on lower surface of fertile pinnae. | | | A round indusium attached to the leaf at its centre, covers each sorus much like an umbrella. |
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http://www.sbs.auckland.ac.nz/info/schools/nzplants/fern_sporangium.htm
(342 words)
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| | Plant Biology 304 |
| | Ferns and relatives are surviving members of the earliest lineage of vascular plants that originated over 400 million years ago. | | | These plants reproduced by means of spores and did not produce flowers, fruits or seeds. | | | Plants produce one size of spore (homosporous).The gametophyte occurs underground and is associated with mycorrhizal fungi. |
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http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB304/Ferns.html
(887 words)
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| | Topic #4 - Plantae Part I |
| | Fern sporophyll, a leaf specialized for spore production; sori with sporangia are on the underside of the sporophyll. | | | Fern sporophytes, with many sporophylls (leaves specialized for spore production) | | | Carboniferous period was dominated by many different types of seedless plants that grew to tree size (giant horsetails, tree ferns and lycophytes) |
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http://info.wlu.ca/~wwwbiol/bio100/Plantae_I.htm
(861 words)
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| | Jurassic Park Plants |
| | These primitive seed plants are called gymnosperms (naked seeds) because their seeds are not enclosed in a ripened fruit as in flowering plants. | | | Near the end of this fabulous era the stage was finally set for a new age of flowering plants and mammals, recorded for posterity in the sticky resin of ancestral amber forests. | | | Because of multiciliate sperm, cycads show a nice connecting link with the more primitive spore-producing ferns, which must depend on free environmental water for the transport of their sperm, and the advanced seed plants in which the sperm are non-flagellated and non-motile. |
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http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ww0803.htm
(5551 words)
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| | Name: |
| | The spores are released, grow into small bisexual gametophytes, flagellated sperm swim to the egg, fertilization occurs and a new sporophyte is produced. | | | What differentiates them from seed plants is the fact that they do not produce seeds. | | | Unlike the more advanced seed plants, gametophytes of seedless plants require a seasonably wet habitat for sperm to travel from the antheridium (sperm-producing structure) to the archegonium (egg-producing structure). |
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http://www.und.nodak.edu/dept/jcarmich/102lab/labshtml/seedless.html
(1512 words)
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| | Devonian Times - More about Ferns |
| | This monophyletic group and its sister group, the spermatophytes (seed plants and progymnosperms) form the two extant (not-extinct) clades of the euphyllophytes; this latter taxon, along with its sister group, the lycophytes (including lycopsids) form the two major lineages of vascular plants. | | | Sporangia develop from single cell, and the sporangium is a delicate, thin-walled structure with zones specialized for dehiscence. | | | Fossils of Equisetum are known from the early Cenozoic. |
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http://www.devoniantimes.org/who/pages/ferns.html
(1914 words)
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| | Seedless Vascular |
| | Specifically mention: the names and ploidy of the generations, what cell types they are produced from, and what types of cell division they use to produce the next generation. | | | Note the vascule bundle in the center of the cross section of the stem with large heavy walled xylem cells. | | | He kept making microscope slides of antheridia and archegonia but never saw any cells in meiosis even though the ferns produced egg and sperm and were able to reproduce. |
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http://www.biology.iastate.edu/Courses/201L/Pteroph/FernIndx
(1173 words)
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| | Untitled Document |
| | Fern sori - many sporangia on stalks are protected by an umbrella like cap (indusium) on the underside of leaves. | | | These stems also have some xylem and phloem for active transport of water and food in drier conditions. | | | Strobilus (cone, 2n) has larger protective sporophylls [4] protecting sporangia [3] which are producing the meiospores which will blow in the wind to a new location and grow into the gametophyte (haploid,1n) |
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http://www.bethel.edu/~johgre/bio114d/LowerVasculars.html
(855 words)
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| | basic ferns page |
| | A short branch rhizome is beginning to grow out that will eventually form an independent plant when its connection to the main rhizome axis is lost. | | | If the frond touches the soil or if the plantlet falls off, it will quickly grow into a new plant. | | | Many spleenworts form "bulbils"on their fronds, which detach and grow into new plants. |
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http://www.sbs.auckland.ac.nz/info/schools/nzplants/fern_asexual.htm
(217 words)
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| | Botany Lecture Notes : Bio. 2500 Lecture 19 part 1 local |
| | I have several ferns growing in my yard that retain their foliage so that I can find them even after most other plants have lost their leaves. | | | Young fronds are curled and unroll as they mature. | | | Spore producing structures may be seen on the lower surface of some fertile fronds. |
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http://samson.kean.edu/~breid/lect19/lect_19loc1.html
(393 words)
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| | Fern ally - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | Fern ally is a general term covering a somewhat diverse group of vascular plants that are not flowering plants and not true ferns. | | | Class Lycopsida, (fern-allies) the clubmosses and related plants | | | A Classification of the Ferns and Fern-Allies (uses frames) |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fern_ally
(205 words)
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| | Sight Lines: Subterranean Sex |
| | Embryos are nourished and protected by the surrounding cells until they elongate and grow out of the soil into the air. | | | One innovation that enabled early land plants to survive was carrying out sexual reproduction and embryo development entirely underground. | | | The rounded male sex organs (colored blue) release thousands of sperm cells into the film of water that surrounds the soil particles. |
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http://www.siu.edu/~perspect/01_sp/sightlines.html
(199 words)
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| | Psilotum nudum - Whisk Fern - Psilotaceae |
| | Since whisk ferns do not flower (they are not flowering plants, after all), the spores are produced in large, solitary sporangia born on bractlike or leaflike lateral appendages. | | | The plant responds well to a balanced fertilizer diluted to ½ the strength recommended on the label once a month. | | | It is considered a fern ally because it is a spore-producing vascular plant. |
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http://www.plantoftheweek.org/week055.shtml
(275 words)
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| | Ferns: Of Fern Forest and South Florida |
| | Ferns and allied plants: with special reference to Tropical America. | | | This book is available from larger bookstores and covers every species of fern found in North America north of Mexico, nearly all with color photographs. | | | Ferns of the southeastern States: descriptions of the fern-plants growing naturally in the States south of the Virginia-Kentucky state line and east of the Mississippi River. |
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http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~scofield/sofl_plants/fern_index.html
(455 words)
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| | SEEDLESS VASCULAR PLANTS |
| | They have developed a vascular structure that permits the transport of water and nutrients but they do not reproduce by seeds | | | Lycopodium species can be found in Ohio, and throughout the world - in a wide range of habitats but usually growing beneath other plants. | | | We are using the remains of that productivity today. |
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http://hcs.osu.edu/hcs300/svp1.htm
(655 words)
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| | A whisk fern |
| | This is one of only a few surviving members of an ancient group of vascular plants, accepted by some botanists as the most primitive--certainly the most primitive-looking and simplest vascular plant alive today. | | | Hawaiians often collect the spores and use them as talcum powder (Foster and Gifford, 1974). | | | Whisk ferns like the warm weather of the tropics and subtropics. |
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http://www.washjeff.edu/greenhouse/Pnudum
(388 words)
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| | What plant saw the rise and fall of the dinosaurs? - Weird Plants |
| | It is one of the first vascular plants; that is, a plant with specialized cells, phloem to transport sugars and other synthesized compounds, and xylem to transport water and nutrients. | | | Photosynthesis takes place in the branches and a symbiotic fungus helps the plant absorb nutrients. | | | But not only was the whisk fern one of the first vascular plants, it stands unique among all the vascular plants on Earth today. |
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http://www.killerplants.com/weird-plants/20010726.asp
(240 words)
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| | ex3s98a |
| | After whisk fern eggs are fertilized, the sporophyte also grows on top of the female gametophyte, but consumes it. | | | The gametophyte continues to do photosynthesis and feed its dependent sporophyte. | | | Because they are airborne, they require a sporopollenin coat to keep them from drying out. |
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http://blue.butler.edu/~kschmid/302/ex3s98a.htm
(512 words)
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| | Biological Diversity 5 |
| | Prothallia develop from spores shed from the underside of the sporophyte leaves.Once fertilization occurs, the next generation sporophyte develops from the egg located in the prothallium. | | | Vascular plants are the more common plants like pines, ferns, corn, and oaks. | | | Ferns reproduce by spores from which the free-living bisexual gametophyte generation develops. |
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http://www.estrellamountain.edu/faculty/farabee/biobk/BioBookDiversity_5.html
(2710 words)
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| | Ferns |
| | The Cinnamon Fern, Osmunda cinnamonea, occurs in moist, boggy ground along streams and on shaded ledges and grows in clumps to 2'-3' tall, but with constant moisture can reach 5' i... | | | It can be identified by its lacy, light-green fronds that feel very slightly sticky to the touch. | | | The Sensitive Fern, Onoclea sensibilis, is a large, somewhat coarse deciduous fern which occurs in wet woods and thickets and in moist soils along streams and springs. |
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http://www.nursery-plants.info/ferns
(369 words)
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| | Introductory Plant Biology Chapter Summary |
| | Ferns are used as ornamentals, air filters, a source of "bark" for growing orchids and other plants, a source of stuffing materials for bedding, in tropical construction, as food, and in numerous folk medicinal applications. | | | The zygote develops a foot and a rhizome. | | | The sporangia commonly occur in sori, which may be protected by indusia. |
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http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072909412/student_view0/chapter21/chapter_summary.html
(756 words)
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| | Plant Systematics |
| | Fern allies - Conifers - Monocots - Dicots | | | (Gymnosperms) ├─ Pteridospermae (Seed ferns) ││ ├─ Cycadophytina ││ └─ Cycadopsida / Cycadales (Cycads) ││ ├─────────────────── Cycadaceae ││ └─────────────────── Zamiaceae ├─ Ginkgophytina ││ ├─ Cordaitopsida / Cordaitales (Cordaites) ││ └─ Ginkgopsida / Ginkgoales (Ginkgo) ├─ Pinophytina ││ └─ Pinopsida / Coniferopsida / Coniferae / Pinales s.l. | | | (Ferns and Fern Allies) ├─ Psilophyta (Cooksonia, Psilophyton, Rhynia) ││ ├─ Lycopodiophyta / Lycophyta ││ ├──────── Lycopodiopsida s.s. |
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http://www.ecocam.com/species
(1719 words)
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| | Botrychium virginianum - Rattlesnake Fern - Ophioglossaceae |
| | Culture: Botrychium virginianum will grow in a partial sunny location with a moist well-drained soil mix. | | | The sterile fronds will reach up to 2½ feet (75 cm) tall, but in containers they very rarely reach over 1 foot (30 cm) in height. | | | They are very difficult ferns to grow in containers, but do very well in a stable, moist garden setting. |
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http://www.plantoftheweek.org/week270.shtml
(396 words)
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| | Re: How come New Zealand has so many of the most primitive plants in the world? |
| | If it is true that New Zealand has more primitive plants and less evolution, it may be because it is more isolated because it is an island. | | | An example is the very simple-looking whisk fern (Psilotum nudum) which is structurally like the earliest land plants. | | | However, recent evidence suggest the whisk fern may not be that old but is more highly evolved and reduced from fern-like ancestors. |
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http://www.madsci.org/posts/archives/2000-11/975636699.Bt.r.html
(233 words)
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| | Psilophyta ( Whisk ferns ) |
| | Everything you always wanted to know about Plant... | | | LookSmart - Directory - Vascular Plants: Psilophyta, Whisk Ferns... | | | Biology 2402 Lecture Notes - Vascular Plants, Ferns and Allies... |
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http://www.scienceoxygen.com/botany/59.html
(163 words)
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| | The Jurassic Garden |
| | It does well in our gardens, with some winter protection. | | | The first land plants were mosses, rootless airplants like our familiar Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides), which appeared over 430 million years ago. | | | Some of the best of this widely diverse group for the modern Jurassic garden include maidenhair (Adiantum capillus-veneris), ladyfern (Anthyrium filix-femina), and autumn fern (Dryopteris erythrosora). |
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http://leon.ifas.ufl.edu/jurassic_garden.htm
(612 words)
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| | ninemsn Encarta - Search Results - Whisk Fern |
| | Whisk Fern, common name for a seedless vascular plant, widespread in tropical and subtropical regions but also found in wetter, warm-temperate areas,... | | | Spores are usually produced by the division of cells within a structure called a sporangium. | | | Plants that produce only one type of spore, such as... |
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http://au.encarta.msn.com/Whisk_Fern.html
(94 words)
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| | Search Results for fern - Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | fern that is a member either of the species Camptosorus rhizophyllus, of eastern North America, or of C. sibiricus, of eastern Asia, the only two species of the genus, in the family Aspleniaceae. | | | Most are small, sturdy, often evergreen plants that thrive in dry and rocky areas. | | | ferns of the genus Cheilanthes (family Adiantaceae), about 180 species of tropical and temperate regions. |
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http://www.britannica.com/search?query=fern&submit=Find&source=MWTAB
(429 words)
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| | Psilotaceae - (Fork Ferns) |
| | Tmesipteris normally grow, as epiphytes on tree ferns, but are occasionally terrestrial, while Psilotum prefers warm ground and is common in thermal areas. | | | The rarest of the fork ferns, sporangia have rounded ends with unequal sized pairs. | | | Leaves are spirally arranged, narrower than other fork ferns, and the sporangia have rounded ends. |
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http://www.hiddenforest.co.nz/plants/forkferns/forkferns.htm
(126 words)
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| | Whisk fern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The whisk ferns, traditionally thought not to be true ferns, are odd, "primitive" vascular plants that reproduce solely by spores, without seeds. | | | Recent evidence has suggested that they may in fact be ferns that have lost a number of pteridophytic characteristics, but their status is still uncertain. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whisk_fern
(122 words)
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| | Search Results for whisk - Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | The two genera, Psilotum (whisk ferns) and Tmesipteris, are terrestrial or epiphytic (living on other plant surfaces). | | | Psilotophyta (whisk ferns) is a division represented by two living genera (Psilotum and Tmesipteris) and several species that are restricted to the subtropics. | | | The classification of ferns has been in a state of flux over the past several decades, but there is increasing agreement over relationships between genera. |
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http://www.britannica.com/search?query=whisk&submit=Find&source=MWTEXT
(258 words)
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| | Modern Day representations of early land plants. |
| | One fern-like plant, the whisk fern (Psilotum nudum), is particularly interesting because it has photosythetic stems with few stomata and no leaves like the early vascular plants from the Devonian. | | | The first plant I will examine is Selaginella kraussiana, a clubmoss, and I would also like to use other clubmosses such as Huperzia and Lycopodium. | | | Little is known about how these stomata function, or whether they have the same origins as the stomata in other plants, and this study will hopefully provide information on these areas. |
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http://www.shef.ac.uk/aps/apsrtp/fletcher-ben/analogues.html
(202 words)
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| | PSILOTOPHYTA |
| | Psilotum nudum L. – Whisk fern – (Subtropical North and South Hemisphere, New Zealand) |
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http://www.biol.vt.edu/greenhouse/plantlist/PSILOTOPHYTA.htm
(22 words)
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| | Study Guide for Exam 4 |
| | Be able to diagram the life cycles of mosses, ferns, pines, and flowering plants. | | | Discuss the advanced characters that distinguish angiosperms from gymnosperms |
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http://www.ualr.edu/~botany/stugui4b.html
(234 words)
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| | Grand Bahama Island -- Medicinal Plants |
| | No relatives of this plant have been found so it stands alone in the plant world. | | | From a botanical viewpoint, perhaps the most interesting plant found on the island is the Whisk Fern (Psilotum nudum), which many nineteenth century botanists thought was extinct, but in fact is found in the Bahamas and other tropical areas in the primeval form of its 400 million year old ancestors. | | | The plant is not in fact a true fern. |
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http://www.grand-bahama.com/plants.htm
(676 words)
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| | Introduction to the Psilotales |
| | Despite the uncertainty of their relationships, psilophytes do structurally resemble certain early vascular plants, and are used as a model for understanding the ecology of these plants. | | | Though they have been considered “primitive,” recent developmental and molecular evidence suggests that the group may actually be reduced from fern-like ancestors. | | | There is not universal agreement on this, but we here treat them with the ferns for that reason. |
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http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/plants/pterophyta/psilotales.html
(749 words)
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| | whisk fern - definition of whisk fern by the Free Online Dictionary, Thesaurus and Encyclopedia. |
| | whisk fern - chiefly tropical clump-forming plants of skeletal appearance resembling whisk brooms; lacking roots | | | fern ally - pteridophytes of other classes than Filicopsida | | | This information should not be considered complete, up to date, and is not intended to be used in place of a visit, consultation, or advice of a legal, medical, or any other professional. |
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http://www.thefreedictionary.com/whisk+fern
(123 words)
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| | What is the mystery of mistletoe cactus? - |
| | Some plants like bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and whisk fern (Psilotum nudum) are cosmopolitan (worldwide) and have changed very little over the eons. | | | What plant saw the rise and fall of the dinosaurs? | | | The theory is that these evolved long before the breakup of the supercontinent, Pangaea. |
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http://www.killerplants.com/weird-plants/20050303.asp
(833 words)
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| | The Fern Garden |
| | This one is a volunteer that may have blown in and attached itself at the base of an Australian Tree Fern. | | | An epiphyte with no leaves, only stems, it reseeds with airborne spores that may travel for miles. | | | Most of the fern garden is located beneath my Apricot tree. |
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http://home.earthlink.net/~tildog/garden/id18.html
(49 words)
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| | Whisks @ cookware-tableware.com - whisk, wire whisk, fern whisk, mini whisk and more |
| | Whisks @ cookware-tableware.com - whisk, wire whisk, fern whisk, mini whisk and more | | | Cuisipro Duo Whisk, Plastic, Gray, 12 (by Cuisipro) | | | cookware-tableware.com is excited to partner with Kitchen Collection and Tabletools to provide you with this online store to shop for Whisks from market leaders like Kitchen Collection, Hamilton Beach, PACIFIC DIRECT, Cuisinart and more. |
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http://www.cookware-tableware.com/Kitchen-Whisks-1.jsp
(105 words)
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| | Ferns identification - Simple fronds |
| | this is a "fern ally," which is not a true fern but an example of the oldest form of land plant with a vascular system | | | Do the fronds look like very thin, branched green sticks, often growing in clumps? | | | To identify a fern with a simple frond, begin with the first question below and continue until you get a "yes" answer. |
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http://home.earthlink.net/~1d945b/FernID/Simple.html
(653 words)
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| | whisk - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | Whisk : Hormel Glossary of Kitchen and Food Terms [home, info] | | | Words similar to whisk: whip, whiskbroom, whisked, whisking, whisk off, more... | | | verb: whip with or as if with a wire whisk ( |
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http://www.onelook.com/?w=whisk&ls=a
(258 words)
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| | Psilotum nudum |
| | There are some, however, who think it is a specialized fern-ally. | | | Recent molecular evidence suggests, however, that Psilotum is not as primitive as most people believed and is related to ferns. |
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http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/tour/Roomtwo-Ps.html
(101 words)
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| | FERNS AND THEIR ALLIES |
| | Growing orchids and bromeliads -- tree fern "bark" |
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http://www.harding.edu/USER/doran/WWW/Ferns.html
(43 words)
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| | General Biology 2 Lab Practical Plant Kingdom |
| | Know the alternation of generation and parts of the fern from your manual page 144. | | | An example of this subdivision would be the | | | Polypodium (Fern) Life History, showing the prothallia (1N) which are the sex organs |
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http://www.dscc.edu/bwilliams/Biology2/biology2labplantking.htm
(465 words)
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| | Vascular Plant List |
| | For convenience, ferns and fern allies are all listed under Pteridophyta, without regard for fern families. | | | Southern Wood Fern (Dryopteris ludoviciana) N / 56 | | | Giant Brake Fern (Pteris tripartita) E / 43 |
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http://www.audubon.org/local/sanctuary/corkscrew/Wildlife/ListPlant.html
(2999 words)
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