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| | Training and Pruning Fruit Trees |
 | | For bearing trees, the goal of dormant pruning is to remove vigorous upright growth on the scaffolds and trunk that was not removed during the summer. |  | | Pruning is most often done during the winter, commonly referred to as dormant pruning. |  | | For most deciduous tree fruit, flower buds for the current season's crop are formed the previous summer. |
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http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/ag29.html
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| | HO-49 |
 | | The annual pruning of fruit trees not only aids the development of strong flower buds and highly colored fruit but also allows better penetration of pesticides for control of insects and diseases. |  | | Fruit trees that initiate flowers on one year wood and have large fruits such as peaches respond better to heavy pruning than types that set flowers on older spurs or have smaller fruits like the cherry. |  | | Fruiting habit refers to the overall pattern of fruiting and includes fruit position on the ends of long or short shoots, age of spurs producing most of the crop and location of the crop on the scaffold limbs. |
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http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/ho/HO-49.html
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| | Pruning fruit trees for pest management |
 | | Fruit trees are pruned to contain tree height and spread, to open the tree canopy for access by workers, to allow sunlight penetration for fruit bud development, to renew fruiting wood, and remove injured or diseased wood. |  | | If trees are pruned late in the fall or very early winter before a severe freeze, the pruning cuts can be winter injured and will serve as sites of infection for many canker diseases such as black rot and Nectria twig blight. |  | | Sanitation is the removal of infested or infected parts of the tree that serve as the source of pests. |
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http://www.virtualorchard.net/glfgn/december1997/pestpruning.html
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| | Pruning Fruit Trees — Gilmour Pruning Guides |
 | | Prune when used as a bedding plant, 10 to 15 inches in the spring. |  | | Trees that bear fruit on spurs produce fewer new limbs and can be kept in shape with less pruning. |  | | Prune immediately after they flower, so they have time to develop a new set of buds to flower the following spring. |
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http://www.gilmour.com/Pruning_Tools/Pruning_Fruit_Trees.asp
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| | pruning fruit trees |
 | | Pruning fruit trees is necessary to develop a strong structured tree, to maintain tree vigor and control size, and to produce abundant high quality fruit. |  | | Tree size is reduced by lowering the height of the tree and cutting back the lateral branches to obtain the desired width. |  | | Biennial bearing trees such as apples can be pruned heavier in the year when a heavy crop of fruit is expected. |
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http://www.ext.nodak.edu/county/cass/horticulture/fruit/prune.htm
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| | Physiology of Pruning Fruit Trees |
 | | Pruning increases fruit size because excess flower buds are removed and pruning encourages the growth of new shoots with high-quality flower buds. |  | | Pruning also makes the canopy more open and improves pest control by allowing better spray penetration into the tree; air movement throughout the canopy is increased, which improves drying conditions and reduces severity of many diseases. |  | | Pruning improves light distribution throughout the tree, which is important for the development of fruit red color and sugar levels. |
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http://www.ext.vt.edu/pubs/treefruit/422-025/422-025.html
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| | Pruning and Training Deciduous Fruit Trees for the Dooryard |
 | | Almost all pruning of deciduous fruit trees may be classified as dormant pruning and should be done during the late winter or very early spring (before bloom). |  | | Pruning removes food reserves and reduces leaf surface area, thereby decreasing the tree's ability to harvest sunlight. |  | | Pruning is a general term which refers to selective removal of plant parts to obtain a desired growth or developmental response. |
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http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/MG345
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| | Pruning Fruit Trees |
 | | Regular maintenance pruning to remove dead or diseased wood or wood that is growing in awkward directions is also important. |  | | Pruning of two-year-old whips is important to the shape, health, and productivity of the mature tree. |  | | Prune in late winter while the trees are dormant yet when you can remove any cold-damaged wood. |
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http://www.garden-aids.co.nz/fruit_trees.html
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| | PRUNING FRUIT TREES AND SMALL |
 | | However, pruning is much simpler We are not as concerned with scaffold limbs or height control with these three types of trees. |  | | Most tree fruit are cut to encourage new growth, but also to keep plants short and stocky. |  | | All fruit plant pruning begins with the three D's: Remove all dead, damaged and diseased wood, as well as limbs that may rub on another, causing damage. |
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http://www.tulsamastergardeners.org/pruning/pruning.shtml
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| | Training and Pruning Fruit Trees |
 | | Pruning is best done in late winter or early spring just before bud break. |  | | Prune in late winter or early spring just before bud break. |  | | Proper pruning is an important step in ensuring healthy, strong fruit trees. |
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http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/garden/07003.html
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| | Pruning Fruit Trees |
 | | Prune an established, mature tree to keep it from growing too large, to keep it healthy, and to keep it bearing regular crops of high-quality fruit. |  | | Producing luscious fruits demands lots of energy, which comes from the sun, and one goal of pruning is to help all the limbs on your tree bask in as much sunshine as possible. |  | | Your goal is to help your tree produce branches that are strong enough to support their future loads of fruit, and to develop branches that won't cross or shade each other. |
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http://www.wowpages.com/nga/EDIT/Articles/pruning.qua
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| | Pruning Mature Apples and Pears, HYG-1150-93 |
 | | Fruit buds begin developing in the growing season previous to the one in which they mature into fruit, and more are initiated than can be fully developed into fruit. |  | | Backyard and commercial growers have come to prefer dwarf or semi-dwarf trees which are not as tall and are easier to prune, spray, and harvest without the use of ladders. |  | | Pruning increases fruit size, promotes uniform ripening, increases sugar content, and decreases disease and insect problems by allowing better spray coverage and faster drying following rainfall. |
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http://ohioline.osu.edu/hyg-fact/1000/1150.html
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| | Pruning Fruit Trees in Montana, from the MSU Extension Service |
 | | Prune trees in late winter or early spring, before the buds begin to swell. |  | | Prune young fruit trees to establish four or five good, stout scaffold branches with wide angles of attachment. |  | | Although we prune to remove dead and diseased wood, our main objective is often increasing fruit production through such pruning techniques as encouraging the growth of fruit-bearing sprouts while thinning fruit-bearing twigs. |
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http://www.montana.edu/wwwpb/pubs/mt9215.html
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| | Pruning Fruit Trees |
 | | Pruning trees each year is necessary in order to maintain their shape and help regulate the size and quality of the crop. |  | | If trees are grafted, sprouts from the seedling rootstock should also be removed. |  | | When planting peach trees, cut the tree back about knee high leaving several spirally arranged branches on the trunk. |
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http://ag.arizona.edu/gardening/news/azdailystar/pruning_fruit_trees.html
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| | pruning fruit trees |
 | | Fruit trees should be pruned in early spring after the danger of severe cold weather has past and before the trees leaf out. |  | | A fruit tree should have from 5 to 8 scaffold branches spaced 6 to 18 inches apart vertically and with crotch angles of 45 degrees or more. |  | | To increase sunlight penetration into the center area of the tree, prune out some of the smaller twigs growing within the tree scaffold. |
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http://www.ext.nodak.edu/county/cass/horticulture/inform/fruit/prune.htm
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| | Pruning mature fruit trees |
 | | Fruit trees produce flower buds in the summer that bloom the following spring. |  | | Most fruit trees benefit from yearly pruning in late winter or early spring. |  | | When pruning, it's important to leave spurs on the tree, because removal eliminates flowering and fruiting. |
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http://www.ext.colostate.edu/ptlk/1210.html
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| | How-To - Pruning Fruit Trees |
 | | It is important to thin out new fruiting shoots to make them evenly spaced, and to allow light to penetrate into the center of the tree. |  | | In the second year remove all but three to five main branches that are six to eight inches apart, growing from the trunk at wide angles, and spaced evenly around the trunk. |  | | As trees come into full bearing age, keep them healthy and well-fertilized so they will produce an abundance of new shoots. |
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http://www.kountrylife.com/content/how49.htm
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| | PRUNING FRUIT TREES |
 | | If you can, Train to a low, wide growing Tree with central leaders |  | | Perhaps purchase a book specific to your PLANT or TREE |  | | Results from 'THINNING the FRUIT' : (done when 1/2 inch in size) |
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http://www.tomtree.com/xfruit.html
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| | Pruning Fruit Trees |
 | | Description: Fruit trees require proper pruning and care to be productive. |  | | This publication covers the principles, techniques and tools of pruning. |
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http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/library/hort2/samplers/c631.asp
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| | Pruning Fruit Trees |
 | | Penn State pruning info on apple and pear-(includes line drawings and a section on renovating old fruit trees) |
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http://www.siloamorchards.com/pruning_fruit_trees.htm
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