|
| |
| | Entomology - Africanized bees and pollination in Mexico |
 | | Another factor that probably reduces the defensive behavior of the bees is the use of pollination hives with relatively low numbers of bees, comparable in number of bees to hives used in almond pollination in California. | | | None were caused by bees managed by beekeepers. | | | Entomology - Africanized bees and pollination in Mexico |
|
http://bees.ucr.edu/sinaloa.html
(3126 words)
|
|
| |
| | Pollination Info by Crop |
| | Sunflower Pollination in Argentina Pollination with Leafcutter Bees | | | McGregor, Insect Pollination of Cultivated Crop Plants, 1976, USDA. | | | Alfalfa leaf-cutter bee management for alfalfa pollination in South Dakota. |
|
http://www.pollinator.com/bycrop.htm
(618 words)
|
|
| |
| | pollination: Information From Answers.com |
| | The other trend is the decline of pollinator populations, due to pesticide misuse and overuse, new diseases and parasites of bees, clearcut logging, decline of beekeeping, suburban development, removal of hedges and other habitat from farms, and public paranoia about bees. | | | The alfalfa leafcutter bee is an important pollinator for alfalfa seed in western United States and Canada. | | | Pollination is an important step in the reproduction of seed plants: the transfer of pollen grains (male gametes) to the plant carpel, the structure that contains the ovule (female gamete). |
|
http://www.answers.com/topic/pollination
(1707 words)
|
|
| |
| | Biodiversity and the Ecosystem Approach in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries |
| | Bumblebees, for example, are used for the pollination of potatoes, tomatoes, strawberries and other crops grown in glasshouses, alkali bees and leaf cutter bees for the pollination of alfalfa, horn-faced bees for apples, almonds and other fruit trees, and other species of solitary bees for pollination of cotton, mustards, lucerne and berseem. | | | The quality of pollination is determined by the number of colonies per unit area, strength of bee colonies, placement of colonies in the field, time of placement of bee colonies, and the weather conditions. | | | These include honeybees, bumble bees, stingless bees and solitary bees. |
|
http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/005/Y4586E/y4586e11.htm
(7445 words)
|
|
| |
| | Scaffolds 4/22/02 |
| | A number of insects pollinate crops, but, for several reasons, the honey bee is the most versatile, all-around pollinator. | | | Compared with other pollinators, honey bees are very cost effective. | | | This number may have been adequate in small orchards visited by feral honey bees and by solitary bees and bumble bees from adjacent hedgerows and woods. |
|
http://www.nysaes.cornell.edu/ent/scaffolds/2002/4.22.html
(3696 words)
|
|
| |
| | Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research : About Us |
| | The mission of the Pollinating Insect-Biology, Management, Systematics Research is the development of non-Apis bees, for example the alfalfa leafcutting bee and the blue orchard bee, as crop pollinators. | | | Cross-pollinated crops not effectively pollinated by honey bees have been targeted for improved pollination management, and the candidacy of selected pollinator species continues to be evaluated. | | | Research emphasis areas include the development and improvement of management systems for bee populations, biological studies of bees, plant-pollination systems, and bee biosystematics. |
|
http://www.ars.usda.gov/AboutUs/AboutUs.htm?modecode=54-28-05-00
(143 words)
|
|
| |
| | Solitary Bees: An Addition to Honey Bees |
| | Pollination of an acre of apples requires either 600 hornfaced bees (300 to 400 females), about 250 female blue orchard bees, or 20,000 or more honey bees. | | | These Osmia bees are more efficient pollinators of some crops than are honey bees. | | | Honey bees, other bees, pollination, bee pastures, etc., from the University of Georgia. |
|
http://www.pollinatorparadise.com/Solitary_Bees/SOLITARY.HTM
(842 words)
|
|
| |
| | Beekeeping Insect Note 7B |
| | Pollination is essential for good fruit production when growing cucumbers and the only reliable vector for cucumber pollination is an insect. | | | Cucumbers require large numbers of honey bees for adequate pollination because each female blossom is only receptive to being pollinated for one day, and each blossom requires an average of 11 bee visits to set up a well-shaped cucumber. | | | However, a larger field or a small field in an area that is extensively cultivated (with little natural areas for bees to nest) will probably require the use of extra honey bees. |
|
http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/ent/notes/Beekeeping/bee7b.html
(780 words)
|
|
| |
| | Pollination Management Resources |
| | Hand Pollination - if the Bees are Missing | | | Now other bee species are being managed as well. | | | Entomopalynology - study of pollen on or in insects |
|
http://www.pollinator.com/polmanagement.htm
(253 words)
|
|
| |
| | ARS Project: Pollination and the Development of Alternative Crop Pollinators (407812) |
| | Deliver improved pollination management systems for alfalfa seed production using the alfalfa leafcutting bee and the alkali bee, and a new pollination management system for orchards using the blue orchard bee. | | | Research is needed to increase the number of bee species used for agricultural pollination. | | | Patterns of Pollen Foraging by Alfalfa Leafcutting Bees: Effect on Pollination Efficiency and Bee Mortality |
|
http://www.ars.usda.gov/research/projects/projects.htm?accn_no=407812
(285 words)
|
|
| |
| | APIS: Apicultural Information and Issues ISSN:0889- 3764 |
| | Pollination is difficult to measure, however, and honey bee colony performance may not always be up to par. | | | The 34-page booklet contains seven chapters: Pollination, Pollinating Agents, Primary Insect Pollinator - The Honey Bee, Management of Bee Colonies for Pollination, Management of Alternative Bee Pollinators, Pollination Requirements of Specific Crops, Pesticide Hazards and Bee Pollinators. | | | However, the management of these pollinators is as varied as the insects themselves. |
|
http://apis.ifas.ufl.edu/apis95/apjul95.htm
(1805 words)
|
|
| |
| | Pollination management (forwarded post) |
| | Carpenter bees, likewise are excellent for early pollination, but these wood nesting bees are hated by homeowners, though their damage is usually slight, and they nest in the same holes for many years. | | | These bees are excellent for early spring fruit pollination, but will be dormant by the time your vegetables bloom. | | | The best general, all-purpose pollinator is the honeybee; if you have a healthy hive, it is present year around in high populations, each worker is faithful to one plant species, and it works many of our most common food plants. |
|
http://www.ibiblio.org/london/permaculture/mailarchives/permaculture-UNC/msg00412.html
(1099 words)
|
|
| |
| | BeeSource.com POV Almond Pollination Handbook |
| | Honey bees are the primary agents to move pollen from the anthers of one cultivar's flower to the stigma of another cultivar's flower. | | | Extensive practical information is given on renting bees, on pollination management, and bee removal. | | | More information on Africanized honey bees and their affect on almond pollination would be useful. |
|
http://www.beesource.com/pov/traynor/handbook.htm
(1426 words)
|
|
| |
| | International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD) - Publications' Catalogue |
| | Part–11 discusses the importance of pollination through bees, the importance of bee flora found in Nepal and their flowering period, preparation of a bee forage calendar and its management. | | | Part–6 is on apiary management, e.g., bee swarming, absconding, colonies uniting and dividing, method of sugar feeding, management of queen-less colonies, colony inspection, method of old queen replacement, colony transfer from traditional hives to improved hives, site selection and apiary establishment. | | | The role of the hive bees, Apis Cerana and Apis mellifera, as crop pollinators rather than wild bees and how to manage them for pollination of crops in general are described in detail. |
|
http://www.icimod.org/publications/catalogue/cat2001/2001A/A-manuals.htm
(1675 words)
|
|
| |
| | Fruit Crop CAT (Crop Advisory Team) Alert |
| | Blueberry flowers have about 3 days to be pollinated after the flowers open, but you want the bees to stay in the field, so move bees into blueberry fields after 5% bloom but before 25% percent of full bloom. | | | The proportion of pollination caused by feral bees relative to managed colonies is unclear, but it is safe to say that we need higher densities today than when feral bees were present. | | | According to calculations developed by Robinson and co-workers in 1989, the annual value of honey bee pollination to agriculture in the United States is as high as $US 14.6 billion. |
|
http://www.ipm.msu.edu/CAT03_frt/F04-29-03.htm
(8665 words)
|
|
| |
| | Bee Biology and Systematics Laboratory (BBSL)-Conducts research emphasizing pollination management challenges and the ... |
| | The Laboratory's mission is to conduct research of international scope which emphasizes pollination management challenges and the development of a diversified and stable pollinator base for U.S. agriculture and the environment. | | | - Improve the pollination of new or traditional crops by designing and implementing strategies to manage native bees as pollinators. | | | Continuing Research - Improve management of the alfalfa leafcutting bee, Megachile rotundata, for commercial production of alfalfa seed. |
|
http://www.scitechresources.gov/Results/show_result.php?rec=1169
(169 words)
|
|
| |
| | BeeHoo the beekeeping directory |
| | Pollination is the process of moving the pollen grain from the anther of a stamen to the stigma of a carpel. | | | The Association exists to be a source of research-based information and recommendations on all matters of honey bee science and management and to foster cooperation, dialogue, and professional growth among extension, regulatory, teaching, and research honey bee specialists. | | | Control of the Varroa mite must be accomplished using several strategies in concert with each other, similar to integrated pest management techniques commonly used in much of agriculture. |
|
http://www.beehoo.com/f_region.php?region=USA
(1748 words)
|
|
| |
| | F Drummond |
| | Professor of Insect Ecology and Insect Pest Management | | | My research lab is studying the population dynamics of insect pests that attack lowbush blueberry and the foraging behavior of native and exotic insect pollinators of lowbush blueberry. | | | My research interests are in insect epizootiology, pollination ecology, and integrated pest management of blueberry pests in Maine. |
|
http://www.umesci.maine.edu/biology/entomology/drummond.htm
(207 words)
|
|
| |
| | BeeHoo the beekeeping directory |
| | A drawing on the wall of a cave in eastern Spain may be the most ancient record of the association between humans and honey bees. | | | Lots of practical pollination info on bees and pollination. |
|
http://www.beehoo.com/f_region.php?region=Carolina
(195 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | E.09.40 Beekeeping for garden pollination Honeybees: basic cultural overview, sources of more detailed info; beekeeping tools equip, and bee sources. | | | E.09.50 Enhancing wild pollinator populations, Providing nest sites to attract wild solitary bees. | | | Implies that we can attract bees, when they often (sadly) are not present to attract. |
|
http://www.ibiblio.org/InterGarden/orgfarm/beekeeping/pollination-issues
(366 words)
|
|
| |
| | Entomology-Faculty: Rajotte |
| | My research focuses on resistance management of agricultural pests, social and economic issues in integrated pest management, and bee management and pollination. | | | Biology of fruit pests; pollination and apiculture; integrated pest management. | | | Integrated pest management in fruit crops; technology transfer; expert systems. |
|
http://www.ento.psu.edu/Personnel/Faculty/rajotte.htm
(368 words)
|
|
| |
| | Research Links |
| | Since many species of fruit-bearing flowering plants are important to agriculture, some research has recently focused on the pollination of these flowers. | | | Many flowering plants have evolved complex methods of getting pollen from one genetic individual to another, often entering into symbiotic relationships with various animal species. | | | Follow the links under the introduction heading to learn more about the economics of plant pollination. |
|
http://wps.prenhall.com/esm_freeman_biosci_1/0,6452,500467-,00.html
(463 words)
|
|
| |
| | The Pollination Home Page |
| | Pollinator Decline: Theme of current issue of Conservation Ecology Good articles on native bees, ignores honeybees and migratory beekeepers who have helped fill in the gap. | | | The first prerequisite to enhancing pollination is to know the preferences of the pollinator and the efficiency of the various pollinators for each plant species. | | | Learn how a migratory commercial beekeeper works to pollinate crops and make honey at Kutik's Honey Farm Lots of photos! |
|
http://pollinator.com
(998 words)
|
|
| |
| | [No title] |
| | The goal of the present study is to achieve a better understand of the ecology and management of tropical forests and agricultural farmlands. | | | In addition, for the 1 ha and 10 ha plots the edge effects reached right into their centers, and the study indicated that, at least for tropical forest, a buffer zone ecosystem needs to be set up around the reserve proper to take such edge effects into account. | | | Janzen, D.H. Management of habitat fragments in a tropical dry forest: Growth. |
|
http://www.fieldstudies.org/download/68_syllabus_nrm_fall_2003.doc
(4164 words)
|
|
|
