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| | Irrigation - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Irrigation (in agriculture) is the replacement or supplementation of rainfall with water from another source in order to grow crops. | | | The water source for irrigation may be a nearby or distant body of liquid or frozen water such as a river, spring, lake, aquifer, well, or snowpack. | | | In modern agriculture, drip irrigation is often combined with plastic mulch, further reducing evaporation, and is also the means of delivery of fertilizer. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrigation
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| | Soil, Water and Plant Characteristics Important to Irrigation |
| | Irrigation, applying water to assure sufficient soil moisture is available for good plant growth, as practiced in North Dakota is called "supplemental irrigation" because it is used to augment the rainfall that occurs during the growing season. | | | Determining the suitability of land for irrigation requires a thorough evaluation of the soil properties, the topography of the land within the field and the quality of water to be used for irrigation. | | | The oldest and most commonly used irrigation scheduling method is the "feel method," which estimates soil moisture by taking a soil sample in hand and squeezing it into a ball, observing the appearance of the ball and creating a ribbon of soil between the thumb and forefinger to estimate the soil moisture content. |
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http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/ageng/irrigate/eb66w.htm
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| | EPA - Ag 101, Crop Production Irrigation |
| | Environmental concerns related to irrigation include depletion of the water source (falling water tables or reduced water levels in streams or reservoirs), soil erosion due to over-application, runoff and leaching of chemicals, and salinization of the soil (salt-buildup) and minerals and nutrients in the irrigation return flow that drains from the irrigated area. | | | Irrigation makes agriculture possible in areas previously unsuitable for intensive crop production. | | | Irrigation water is obtained from either ground water or surface water. |
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http://www.epa.gov/agriculture/ag101/cropirrigation.html
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| | Efficient Irrigation AG-508-6 |
| | Sprinkler irrigation may be as simple as a single sprinkler attached to a garden hose, or it may be a complex system of underground pipes and pop-up spray heads. | | | Drip irrigation is recommended for use on trees, shrubs, and flowers in the high- and moderate-water-use zones of the landscape to maximize efficiency. | | | Use drip irrigation on trees and shrubs in the water-use zones of the landscape. |
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http://www.bae.ncsu.edu/programs/extension/publicat/wqwm/ag508_6.html
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| | Irrigation water use, from USGS Water Science. |
| | Throughout the world, irrigation (water for agriculture, or growing crops) is probably the most important use of water (except for drinking and washing a smelly dog, perhaps). | | | Irrigated acreage in these States were located in areas where average annual precipitation typically is less than 20 inches and is insufficient to support crops without supplemental water. | | | Irrigation has been around for as long as humans have been cultivating plants. |
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http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/wuir.html
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| | Ancient Irrigation |
| | Promising irrigation areas thus may have natural salts in rocks or soils that will easily be transferred into fields as soon as irrigation water is applied, and even that water may come from rivers that have become saltier from evaporation along their courses. | | | Most likely, irrigation systems began with small springs and in small drainages, and as engineering techniques were developed, they could be applied to larger rivers and to larger areas of plains. | | | Early irrigation was rather local and primitive, and food was not stored efficiently, so the early civilizations were vulnerable to long-term fluctuations in the Nile floods. |
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http://www.geology.ucdavis.edu/~cowen/~GEL115/115CH17oldirrigation.html
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| | Vegetable Crop Irrigation |
| | Irrigation is likely to increase size and weight of individual fruit and to prevent defects such as toughness, strong flavor, poor tipfill and podfill, cracking, blossom-end rot and misshapen fruit. | | | Irrigation rate will depend on soil type but application rates should not exceed 0.40 inch per hour for sandy soils, 0.30 inch per hour for loamy soils or 0.20 inch per hour for clay soils. | | | An irrigation of 0.50 to 0.75 inches immediately after planting should be applied to settle the soil and to start seeds germinating. |
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http://www.ces.ncsu.edu/depts/hort/hil/hil-33-e.html
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| | Collapse: Mesopotamia |
| | Irrigation has a Catch-22: if irrigation water is allowed to sit on the fields and evaporate, it leaves behind mineral salts; if attempts are made to drain off irrigation water and it flows through the soil too quickly, erosion becomes a problem. | | | The irrigated soil is becoming increasingly salty, as is the water table. | | | Farming in the region depended on irrigation from the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. |
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http://www.learner.org/exhibits/collapse/mesopotamia.html
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| | Prairie Land and Water Resources - Irrigation in Alberta |
| | The earliest irrigation developments in the province consisted of ranchers diverting water, from the smaller streams to adjoining native meadow lands, to grow winter feed. | | | By using irrigation can crop production be increased and the hazards of drought and crop failure alleviated. | | | The first recorded irrigation scheme was developed in 1879 when a settler named John Glenn constructed an irrigation ditch, which diverted water from Fish Creek to irrigate six to eight hectares of native hay meadow. |
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http://collections.ic.gc.ca/soilandwater/i2.htm
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| | Irrigating Greenhouse Crops |
| | The irrigation of greenhouse crops is one of the most critical of all production practices. | | | Irrigating greenhouse crops is a critical production practice and should not be taken for granted. | | | Of course the rate of irrigation must be low enough to allow the water to percolate through the growing media as opposed to over flowing the top of the container. |
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http://aggie-horticulture.tamu.edu/greenhouse/nursery/guides/green/irrigate.html
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| | Irrigation |
| | Drip irrigation systems provide your plants with the slow, deep, uniform supply of water they need, encouraging the growth of roots and enabling the plant to seek out water at different levels in the soil. | | | Measure the total distance of rows, and from water source to vines, plants or trees to be irrigated. | | | Drip irrigation is the slow, even application of water directly to the root zone of a plant. |
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http://www.isons.com/irrigation.htm
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| | AZ Master Gardener Manual: Care (Cont.) |
| | The frequency of irrigation depends on the soil type to a large degree. | | | Irrigation is essential for the production of fruit in the arid desert environment of Arizona. | | | A typical irrigation requires that enough water be applied to penetrate the effective root zone. |
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http://ag.arizona.edu/pubs/garden/mg/fruit/irrigation.html
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| | Irrigation |
| | Agriworld (Pte) Ltd Greenhouse agriculture and drip irrigation. | | | Benparts Irrigation Specialists Benparts agricultural equipment, meeting a wide range of climatic challenges almost everywhere crops are grown. | | | Stearns Irrigation Provides irrigation and drainage design services and supplies to the agricultural, turf, and environmental markets. |
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http://www.beautyarablady.com/pages/irrigation.htm
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| | irrigation |
| | This is the 48th FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper which was published in 1992 and was produced for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) by A. Kandiah and A.M. Mashali from the FAO Land and Water Development Division (AGL), and J.D. Roades from the USDA Salinity Laboratory. | | | This is the 25th FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, published in 1978, and produced for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) by Dr. N.G. Dastane, project co-ordinator of the Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. | | | This is the 53rd FAO Irrigation and Drainage Paper, published in 1995 and produced for the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) by T.C. Dougherty and A.W. Hall from HR Wallingford, UK. |
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http://agrifor.ac.uk/browse/cabi/538b1a3a2a9a124696eb5f197298d3e7.html
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| | Irrigation |
| | If freezing temperatures are in the forecast, it's time to winterize your irrigation system. | | | The irrigation designer trying to cover a steep slope has arrived at what many consider... | | | Factors such as site size and condition play a role in the irrigation system you need to efficiently water your turf and ornamentals.... |
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http://grounds-mag.com/irrigation/index.html
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| | Thailand - Irrigation |
| | Records covering almost a hundred years to 1930 showed that in about one-third of the years water from the rivers was insufficient, resulting in considerable crop losses. | | | By 1960 over 1.5 million hectares had been irrigated, almost entirely in the Center and in the North. | | | By 1950 the irrigated area totaled nearly 650,000 hectares. |
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http://countrystudies.us/thailand/68.htm
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| | Garden and Lawn Irrigation Systems Promote Water Conservation |
| | There’s a fantastic range of irrigation systems, home garden and lawn maintenance products specially designed to make your life easier and keep your garden looking lush and beautiful. | | | The best garden irrigation scheme is one that uses a combination of methods. | | | For perennial borders, shade gardens, and hedging choose a drip irrigation system that you can customize to deliver low flow irrigation right to the roots of plants, instead of to weeds and walkways. |
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http://www.irrigation.learnabout.info
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| | Irrigation Design - Landscape Sprinkler System Design Tutorial |
| | Lateral Pipe Sizes: How to calculate the size for each lateral pipe in the irrigation system. | | | Examples: ratings for most irrigation equipment, with full reviews and technical data for most of the more popular items. | | | City-Slicker Water: How to find the PSI and GPM if you get your water through a pipe from a water-company. |
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http://www.irrigationtutorials.com/sprinkler00.htm
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| | Irrigation Journal - September/October 2001 |
| | Applying nutrients through your irrigation system is a great way to slow-feed your crop. | | | Growers in Colorado are creating crop production management zones based on personal experience, aerial imagery and fundamental topography to better apply water and nutrients within a field. | | | The time has come, in most instances, to move from high-flow, high-pressure impact sprinklers on center pivots to more precise applications above, within or below the crop. |
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http://www.greenmediaonline.com/ij/2001/0110
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| | Irrigation System Install easily DIY Lawn Irrigation Kits |
| | A typical in ground irrigation system requires heavy machinery to dig deep trenches so that your conduit be installed below the frost line. | | | Lawn Belt is a flexible maintenance free irrigation system you can leave in the ground all year round. | | | In cold climates you don't need to blow it out as each sprinkler head self drains the irrigation line every time the water is shut off. |
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http://www.homegardentool.com
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| | Irrigation: General - Landscape Management |
| | NASA satellite research establishes turfgrass as the largest irrigated crop in the U.S. February 08, 2006 | | | The Irrigation Association sponsors its first international irrigation study tour: a 19-day trip to New Zealand and Australia Sept.29 through Oct. 17. | | | The association also named July Smart Irrigation Month to raise awareness of the importance of using irrigation efficiently. |
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http://www.landscapemanagement.net/landscape/article/articleList.jsp?categoryId=475
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| | Irrigation |
| | We'll Help You Grow - Whether it's watering a single flower bed in your yard or developing your irrigation business. | | | Toro continues to provide total solutions to fit your commercial irrigation needs. | | | Where to Buy or Service Toro Irrigation Equipment |
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http://www.toro.com/watermgmt
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| | Irrigation (WebBible Encyclopedia) - ChristianAnswers.Net |
| | For purposes of irrigation, water was raised from streams or pools by water-wheels, or by a shaduf, commonly used on the banks of the Nile to the present day. | | | As streams were few in Palestine, water was generally stored up in winter in reservoirs, and distributed through gardens in numerous rills, which could easily be turned or diverted by the foot (Deut. |
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http://www.christiananswers.net/dictionary/irrigation.html
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| | Publication Group:: Irrigation Engineering |
| | Proper furrow irrigation practices can minimize water application, irrigation costs and chemical leaching and result in higher crop yields. | | | This NebGuide provides information on average weekly crop water use values for the major crops grown in western Nebraska. | | | The operating characteristics that can affect the suitability of a sprinkler package for a given field site. |
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http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/irrigation
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| | Controlled Irrigation |
| | The company evolved in July 1968, and today is a major supplier of quality irrigation equipment and all associated products. | | | We are the official agents for Nelson ® turf irrigation products, Microjet ® equipment, Bear ® golf course sprinklers and Nelson Walla Walla equipment. | | | Controlled Irrigation has a dedicated design team, and all are members of |
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http://www.conirr.co.za
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| | Irrigation |
| | The activity defined as irrigation means that there is a simple relationship between temporal variation in water extraction (from the river and groundwater) and return discharge, given as time-series to and from river nodes. | | | Extraction of water from rivers can be for several purposes. | | | Water demand can be computed in either of two ways: Directly from an input time series, or indirectly from agricultural use information. |
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http://www.dhisoftware.com/mikebasin/helpsys/MbasinIrrigation.htm
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| | Colonic Irrigation- Health Encyclopedia and Reference |
| | Colonic irrigation is the process of flushing large amounts of water into the intestinal tract, reaching the upper portions of the bowel. | | | Colonic irrigation owes much to Max Gerson, a German physician who died in 1959. | | | Gerson and his followers claimed that the use of coffee enemas eliminate poisons and offer a legitimate treatment for cancer. |
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http://drdean.healthcentral.com/encyclopedia/408/342/Colonic_Irrigation.html
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| | Irrigation Association of Australia Ltd |
| | Welcome to a world of information about the irrigation industry and irrigation practices in Australia for irrigators, local government bodies, statutory bodies and tertiary institutions, irrigation consultants and designers, irrigation contractors and installers, manufacturers, importers, distributors and retailers of irrigation equipment and services. | | | The aim of producing guidelines is to improve the efficiency of existing irrigation systems in all urban environments and ensure that new systems are designed, installed and operated to a high standard. | | | The Irrigation Association of Australia, with funding supported from the Water Services Association of Australia is developing best practice guidelines for urban irrigation. |
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http://www.irrigation.org.au
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| | Roberts Irrigation Products Inc. |
| | Roberts Irrigation is one of the world's leading manufacturers of micro and drip irrigation products for field, nursery, greenhouses, orchards, vineyard and landscaping applications. | | | For over 30 years we have been providing low-cost, effective irrigation solutions to growers and we invite you to learn more about our products. | | | Roberts Irrigation Products is honored with a Presidential "E" Award |
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http://www.robertsirrigation.com
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| | Howstuffworks "How Irrigation Works" |
| | That means taking care of them and, just like us, plants have various needs: | | | In this article, we'll look at several different types of irrigation systems, starting with some of the oldest and simplest, which will lead us to an understanding of the more complex systems in operation today. | | | Irrigation helps take care of one of these needs by providing water. |
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http://home.howstuffworks.com/irrigation.htm
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| | IRRIGATION |
| | Henry Farm Center has been experienced in the sales and service of irrigation since 1976. | | | HFC System and Design Consultants work with you to help select and maintain equipment specifically designed and built for your operation. | | | That makes us one of the oldest, largest, and most experienced Irrigation Dealers in Alabama. |
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http://www.valcom-hfc.com/hfc/IRRIG.HTM
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| | Stearns Irrigation Consulting and Supplies |
| | Today we serve cranberry growers worldwide, as well as a broad agricultural, turf, and environmental market — anyplace where water moves. | | | Since 1959 Stearns Irrigation has been providing irrigation and drainage products to Cape Cod's cranberry growers. | | | Complete design and technical service available for all our products. |
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http://www.stearnsirrigation.com
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| | Irrigation |
| | Fertigation: Using Your Irrigation System to Correct the Feast or Famine of Plant Nutrition | | | This Is A Test For Your Irrigation System | | | When It Comes to Costing Out an Irrigation System... |
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http://www.igin.com/Irrigation/body_irrigation.html
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| | Hunter Industries - The Irrigation Innovators |
| | Hunter Earns Consumers Digest ‘Best Buy’ Ratings in All Three Irrigation Categories Judged by Magazine | | | Hunter Industries’ all-new ACC Controller was selected by a panel of irrigation experts as the most significant new product in the turf/landscape category at the 26th Annual International Irrigation Show in Phoenix. | | | Hunter's most powerful controller for command of large and sophisticated sites. |
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http://www.hunterindustries.com
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| | GroWell > Irrigation |
| | We offer a huge range of irrigation products be it for the small scale grower right through to the market gardener. | | | We offer 13mm and 19mm irrigation fittings and piping so that you can create the DIY hydroponic system of your dreams. |
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http://www.growell.co.uk/c/32/Irrigation.html
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| | Irrigation Supplies |
| | At Great Lakes we have long decided NOT to use complicated sprinklers and controllers, despite the temptation to be at the cutting edge. | | | Irrigation has come a long way in the last few years. |
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http://www.greatlakeslandscaping.net/irrigation.htm
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| | Signature Control Systems, Inc. |
| | IRVINE, CA (February 8, 2006) - Signature Control Systems Inc. today announced that the company has reached a definitive agreement to acquire Bear Irrigation from Grizzle & Hunter Plastic, LLC. | | | For more information read the document included below. |
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http://www.bear-irrigation.com
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| | Irrigation Forum - GardenWeb |
| | his forum is meant for the discussion of irrigation and the issues and techniques involved in keeping a garden properly watered. | | | Instructions on using the forum are provided below. | | | See the Help Page if you are having problems or have further questions. |
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http://forums2.gardenweb.com/forums/water
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| | Nelson Irrigation |
| | - 2005 Full Coverage Irrigation for Tree & Vines Pocket Guide |
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http://www.nelsonirrigation.com
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