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| Â | Propagation |
 | | With Hypogeal Germination the plant grows downwards, the seed leaf does not elongate or grow upwards and so is never normally seen. | | | Hypogeal Germinators We generally sow hypogeal delayed seed as soon as ripe in the Autumn. | | | The first leaf normally seen on a hypogeal germinating seed is the first true juvenile leaf, and this is usually broadly lanceolate in shape. |
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http://www.lilies.org.uk/html/propagation.html
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| Â | DEVELOPMENT I |
| | However, some dicots show hypogeal germination so that the epicotyl extends, and in some monocots the mesocotyl extends carrying the cotyledon and attached endosperm upwards out of the ground. | | | Many (but not all) dicots are epigeal so that the hypocotyl extends, carrying the cotyledons above ground. | | | In epigeal seedlings the apex of the emergent structure is bent over in a hook as long as it is below ground. |
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http://www.hcs.ohio-state.edu/hcs300/devel1.htm
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| Â | [No title] |
| | There are two types of Lilium seed - Epigeal (easy and quick) and Hypogeal (hard and slow). | | | With some of the easy species you will get flowers in less than eighteen months and seeds will send up a leaf immediately after planting. | | | Then, they need a cool rest time, again, approximately three months (winter), followed by another warm period to start leaf production (spring). |
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http://www.angelfire.com/ri/ixia/growlilium.html
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| Â | AGRISCIENCE EXERCISE |
| | Hypogeal: The cotyledons (food supply) remain below the soil surface during emergence. | | | Cereals such as wheat, rye, corn, oats and rice have hypogeal type emergence. | | | Applied Principle: Some seeds germinate and push their food source above the ground with them, while others leave the food source (cotyledons) below the ground. |
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http://www.uark.edu/depts/aeedhp/agscience/EMERGENCE.htm
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| Â | Mycorrhizal Citations |
| | The seasonal production of hypogeal fungal sporoearps was monitored over an 18 month period in a catchment of mixed-species euealypt forest in East Gippsland, Vietoria. | | | During the study, sporocarps of one Ascomycete and 25 Basidiomycete species were collected from soil quadrats sampled sequentially around the bases of eucalypt trees- Sporocarps from these species varied in their dimensions and morphological characteristics. | | | Sporocarps of some species fruited predominantly in ridge and slope habitats, some species fruited mainly in gullies, whereas others apparently showed no preference for fruiting in ridges, slopes and gullies. |
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http://mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu/latest/1993/93_clari2.htm
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| Â | New Page 15 |
| | Therefore, crops with hypogeal emergence can be seeded deeper than the similar sized seeds that have epigeal emergence because the energy source lasts longer. | | | Since the energy source is not directly exposed to frost or aboveground insect damage, these plants will regrow using stored energy if the aboveground part of the plant is damaged. | | | D) Hypogeal- energy source remains below the soil surface at the depth of planting. |
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http://classes.css.wsu.edu/crops101/new_page_15.htm
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| Â | Section 4: Seeds and Germination |
| | Hypogeal germination occurs when the cotyledon(s) remains under the surface of the soil, and/or inside the seed itself. | | | These " seed leaves" are one of the criteria that distinguish the monocots, which have one cotyledon, from the eudicots, which have two. | | | Herbivores may also damage the cotyledons and not destroy the entire plant. |
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http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/courses/structure_cd/labs/B4/4.htm
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| Â | [No title] |
| | Asiatic seedlings can be transplanted into the garden in the fall, held over in a cold room during the winter months or removed from the soil and stored in almost-dry peat moss in the refrigerator. | | | Seedlings are slow growing and don't like to be transplanted. | | | It's best to plant the hypogeal bulbils directly into the garden where you want them to mature, although you can transplant them after a few years when the bulbs get larger. |
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http://www.open.org/~halinar/seedgerm.htm
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| Â | Worst choices |
| | With both, germination is immediate epigeal, which means that when planted under the right conditions, the seed soon starts into growth, sending up its first leaf while simultaneously building a little bulb underground. | | | Although a bit more difficult, I have also successfully grown delayed hypogeal lilium seed, specifically, several types of martagons. | | | My success with martagon seed (delayed hypogeal), occurred when I started them in the month of December, a few years ago. |
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http://www.mrls.org/lily-info/lilyseed
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| Â | JJAseeds - Jim & Jenny Archibald - Genus Information Page |
| | Most will flower in 3-5 years depending on cultivation and conditions. | | | Delayed hypogeal germination is as follows : warm period (small bulb forms underground) - cold period - warm period (true leaf appears above ground). | | | If you sow in autumn or winter the pattern is first winter (nothing above ground) - first summer (bulb formed underground but nothing above ground) - second winter (nothing above ground) - second summer (first appearance above ground with a true leaf). |
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http://www.jjaseeds.com/genus-lilium.asp
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| Â | Food and Grain Legumes |
| | The warm season pulses are characterized by epigeal germination, a period of rapid vegetative growth, followed by flowering when daylengths become progressively shorter during the growing season. | | | In contrast, the cool season pulses have hypogeal germination, a period of rapid vegetative growth, followed by flowering when daylength becomes progressively longer. | | | Field pea, which has a wide variety of uses from dry pulses to succulent fresh peas to edible podded types, are the most widely grown of the cool season pulses ( Table 2) and have the highest average grain yields (1,605 kg/ha). |
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http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/proceedings1993/v2-256.html
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| Â | Chapter 13 |
| | hypogeal – plant emerges with the growing point remaining below the soil surface [link] |
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http://agri.atu.edu/people/Hodgson/FieldCrops/chapter13.htm
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| Â | Arboretum de Villardebelle |
| | The gymnosperms (from Greek, 'naked seeds') are a group of flower plants with naked ovules and then naked seeds, non enclosed in an ovary. | | | The germination is hypogeal when the cotyledons will remain under the soil surface. | | | Usually the cotyledons will stay inside the seedcoat. |
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http://arboretum.perso.ch/glossary.htm
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| Â | Species Grown on the Prairies |
| | It usually has 3-5 blooms but can have up to 23 blooms. | | | A scented down facing pale straw colored bloom with a outside purple base it grows 3-4 feet with 4-20 blooms. | | | seed is delayed hypogeal It has been crossed with L candidum which gave us June Fragrance, Limerick Green Goddess and the Faberge strain of Judith’s. |
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http://www.lilynook.mb.ca/Species.htm
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| Â | [No title] |
| | Hypogeal species tend to have larger seeds, and can rely on reserves in the seed to produce energy, thus if initial leaves are lost to predators, there may still be additional reserves that can be used to produce additional leaves. | | | Seed size tends to be small, with little reserves in the seeds. | | | Larger seeds, however, may be easier to spot by predators. |
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http://www.isds.duke.edu/courses/Spring98/sta242/handouts/logit-fye.html
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| Â | Sowing Instructions |
| | Germination (root and shoot growth) occurred within 8 weeks in the seed held at 45F, 50F, and 55F, with the best results at 50 F. Western Americans are often described as exhibiting delayed hypogeal germination. | | | The temperature required for germination and formation of the small bulb varies with the type of lily, but a temperature of 60-70F generally works well. | | | If starting the seeds in pots, use a coarse potting soil with added granite grit for extra drainage. |
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http://www.lilyseeds.com/sowing.html
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| Â | [No title] |
| | Note that in – Epigeal germination, the cotyledons come above ground Hypogeal germination, the cotyledons remain below ground Structure of the monocotyledons You have seen the basic structure of the cereal seed in lectures. | | | You should now draw the seedling of either wheat or rice. | | | What type of germination do pea and oil seed rape have? |
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http://www.abdn.ac.uk/biology/bi1003/practical10.doc
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| Â | Mycorrhizal Citations |
| | The percentage occurrence of fungus in faeces decreased in spring and summer and increased in autumn and winter. | | | Most of these taxa were hypogeal (underground fruiting) basidiomycetes thought to form mycorrhizae on the roots of a variety of plants. | | | In the multiaged forest P. tridactylus was primarily mycophagous, consuming the sporocarps (fruiting bodies) of at least 58 fungal species. |
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http://mycorrhiza.ag.utk.edu/../latest/1993/93_clari1.htm
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| Â | Royal Horticultural Society - Publications |
| | If hypogeal, the cotyledon remains below ground at germination, feeding a tiny growing bulb from the endosperm; usually a genetic delay mechanism inhibits growth above ground until a cold period, representing winter, has passed. | | | Thus the first sign of the seedling is a true leaf in spring. | | | If epigeal, the cotyledon rises above ground, similar in action to the germination of an onion seedling, with the first true leaf, normally broader, appearing soon after. |
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http://www.rhs.org.uk/../publications/pubs/garden0902/lilies.asp
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| Â | Press rewiew about Roma sotterranea |
| | A list of the hypogeal sites, ready to be brought to light. | | | The project foresees the mastering, each time, of the hypogeal reality of Rome, and in this article begins a deeper knowledge of the urban spelaeology activity. | | | We are called for an inspection of the Coliseum’s subterranean from the Archaeological Direction of Rome, it’s an excellent occasion to inform the public of our activities regarding spelaeological explorations and the next day our undertaking is read by all the Romans. |
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http://www.underome.com/eng/associazione/rassegna.php
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| Â | Experimental Introgression in the Genug Phaseolus. I. Effect of Mating Systems on Interspecific Gene Flow |
| | The mating systems evaluated measured gene flow through (1) male gametes, (2) female gametes, and (3) female gametes when a random sib mating generation was inserted between backcross generations. | | | An analysis of the effects of three backcross mating systems upon the introgression of a quantitatively determined morphological character, hypogeal germination, from Phaseolus coccineus into P. vulgaris, an epigeal species, reveals that mating systems have a significant effect upon introgression, particularly in early generations. |
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http://alembic.nal.usda.gov:9500/BIC/Sgml/b_14/v14_063.sgm
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| Â | Newsletter on Biological Diversity Conservation Actions: Biolinks No. 2 (December 1991) |
| | Instead, most hypogeal fungi rely on their fruiting bodies being dug up from the soil, eaten and dispersed by a variety of fungus-feeding animals. | | | Unlike their above-ground relatives, hypogeal fungi cannot usually disperse via water and wind currents. | | | Spores, present in the fungal tissue consumed by the potoroo, pass through the gut apparently unscathed, are concentrated in the faeces and deposited back to the forest floor by the animal at another location. |
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http://www.ea.gov.au/biodiversity/publications/articles/biolink2.html
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| Â | Cucina Italiana - Curiosità e ricette storiche: Tuscany - Truffles |
| | Its particular hypogeal fungus condition, its strong and intoxicating perfume and its unusual and decisive taste, make it the ‘prince’ in respect to all other natural foods: there is no other product, actually, in nature which has the same evocative force, the same fascination, even a little sinister, and morbid. | | | It may have a weight that varies from 30 to 100 grams (1 to 3 ½ oz); it is rare, but not impossible, to find truffles of heavier weights, and, in very rare cases, even of one kilo (just over 2 lbs). | | | Truffles may be found underground –they are a hypogeal fungus – in nearly all of central – northern Italy; the most famous and most important centres are undoubtedly, from both the qualitative and quantitative points of view, Alba (Piemonte), Norcia (Umbria) and San Miniato (Tuscany). |
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http://www.emmeti.it/Cucina/Toscana/Prodotti/Toscana.PRO.18.uk.html
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| Â | Riva dei Tessali Golf Club: Tourism, Mottola |
| | The hypogeal villages, carved into the tufa on the side on the gorge, include more than thirty churches and are the most beautiful expression of the religious art of this people. | | | Many hypogeal villages are found in the surrounding area, actual underground cities, that hid the people for four centuries from the invasions of the Byzantines, Goths, Longobards, Slavs, Franks and Saracens. |
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http://www.rivadeitessali.it/eng/tourism/mottola.html
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| Â | GROWING LILIES FROM SEED |
| | It is not that the hypogeal or "slow-type" seeds are much more difficult, but you do need patience! | | | Here are directions for hurrying them along as much as possible. |
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http://www.infinitymedia.ns.ca/willowgarden/summer/GROWING%20LILIES%20FROM%20SEED.htm
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| Â | JIS: Tschinkel 2.12.2002 |
| | The typical moist, hypogeal environments and small body sizes of pseudoscorpions correlate well with their respiratory physiology. | | | When subheadings are used, the following outline will be used: |
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http://www.insectscience.org/2.23/
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| Â | An Introduction to Epogeal & Hypogeal Environments! |
| | It doesn't even hint about their "hypogeal" environment, and this is the more important part to understand! | | | But the name only describes the "epogeal" environment where they can sometimes be found. | | | ANCHIALINE POOLS are near ocean and land-locked bodies of water that does not have any physical connection with the ocean, but may exhibit tidal variations. |
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http://www.fukubonsai.com/M-L2b2a.html
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| Â | Merriam-Webster Online |
| | For More Information on "hypogeal" go to Britannica.com | | | Get the Top 10 Search Results for "hypogeal" |
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http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/thesaurus?book=Thesaurus&va=hypogeal
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| Â | hypogeal - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "hypogeal" is defined. | | | hypogeal : Encarta® World English Dictionary, North American Edition [ home, info ] | | | hypogeal : Hutchinson's Dictionary of Difficult Words [ home, info ] |
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http://public.onelook.com/?loc=rescb&w=hypogeal
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| Â | [No title] |
| | Bertolani R. - 2002 – First record of tardigrades within hypogeal caves. |
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http://www.bioanimale.unimo.it/ita/Info/Docenti/Bertolani.html
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| Â | Rental of independent houses "Il Giardino Ipogeo" - Favignana (TP) |
| | The holiday houses "Il Giardino Ipogeo" rise in a hypogeal garden in the very centre of Favignana. | | | These houses are the ideal place where to spend an unforgettable holiday in a relaxant and charming atmosphere. |
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http://www.sicilia.indettaglio.it/cgi-bin/click?IDBanner=396&Lang=eng
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| Â | phoenixnewtimes.com FLASHES 1995-05-25 |
| | Competing newspapers often aren't kind to one another, but imagine how low Republic and Gazette executive editor John Oppedahl felt when he was identified by the Mesa Tribune as John Hypogeal. | | | The Tribune's May 18 business story about the proposed merger of the Republic and Gazette news staffs identifies Oppedahl as a subterranean creature four times. | | | We do know the picture shows our esteemed governor, J. Fife Symington III, with a bunch of vegetables. |
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http://www.phoenixnewtimes.com/issues/1995-05-25/flashline.html
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| Â | Hypogeal's Xanga Site - 6/28/2003 7:56:58 PM |
| | When I was typing something in one of those text input boxes (whatever they're called), the thing scrolled by itself and began typing random stuff. | | | Note: your comment will appear in Hypogeal's local time zone: | | | Hypogeal's Xanga Site - 6/28/2003 7:56:58 PM Hypogeal : reviews - events - subscribe! |
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http://www.xanga.com/item.aspx?user=Hypogeal&tab=weblogs&uid=24099608
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| Â | MSN Encarta - Dictionary - hypogeal |
| | Click here to search all of MSN Encarta | | | Search for " hypogeal " in all of MSN Encarta |
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http://encarta.msn.com/dictionary_1861619684/hypogeal.html
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