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| | Gymnosperm - MSN Encarta |
 | | The gymnosperms are the most ancient seed plants; they appear to have arisen from fern ancestors in the Devonian Period. | | | They differ from the other phylum of seed plants, the flowering plants (see Angiosperm), in that the seeds are not enclosed in carpels but rather are borne upon seed scales arranged in cones. | | | Gymnosperms are woody plants, either shrubs, trees, or, rarely, vines (some gnetophytes). |
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http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761567325/Gymnosperm.html
(201 words)
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| | Erik's own Cyberspace home |
| | Gymnosperms are a group of vascular plants whose seeds are not enclosed by a ripened ovary (fruit). | | | Gymnosperms were considered at one time to be a class of seed plants, called Gymnospermae, but taxonomists now tend to recognize four distinct divisions of extant gymnospermous plants (Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta, Gnetophyta) and to use the term gymnosperms only when referring to the naked-seed habit. | | | Gymnosperms that occupy areas of the world with severe climatic conditions are adapted to conserving water; leaves are covered with a heavy, waxy cuticle, and pores (stomata) are sunken below the leaf surface to decrease the rate of evaporation. |
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http://www.geocities.com/Heartland/Plains/6761/ecycads.htm
(5930 words)
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| | Evolution and Phylogenetic Relationships |
| | The main difference between gymnosperms and angiosperms is that the ovules and the seeds of gymnosperms are unprotected unlike the seeds of angiosperms which are enclosed in fruit. | | | Gymnosperm include any plant whose ovules and the seeds into which they develop are born unprotected; the term gymnosperm means "naked seed." This is because the seeds have only a dry, thin covering instead of a sturdy protective seed coat. | | | The cone holds the seeds of the plant; this is the major difference between angiosperm and gymnosperm. |
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http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/k/n/knj106/evol.html
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| | Comparing Reproduction of a Gymnosperm and Angiosperm |
| | Gymnosperms are the non-flowering seed plants such as cedar, pine, redwood, hemlock, and firs. | | | Gymnosperms are woody plants that bear "naked seeds." They are called naked because their seeds develop exposed on the upper surfaces of cone scales, such as in pine cones. | | | A pollen grain is carried by wind currents to the appropriate "egg" where the growth of the pollen tubes through this tissue brings the sperm to the egg. |
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http://www.msnucleus.org/membership/html/k-6/lc/plants/5/lcp5_5a.html
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| | Learn more about Gymnosperm in the online encyclopedia. |
| | At one time, gymnosperm was a class (Class Gymnospermae), first within the seed plants (Division Spermatophyta; 1883~1950), later within the vascular plants (Division Tracheophyta; 1950~1981), and essentially encompassing the conifers and their allies (by which is meant "related species of plants" and including several groups of extinct plants known from fossils). | | | This term is applied because the seeds of these plants are not formed in an enclosed ovulary (pistil with one or more carpels, developing into a fruit as in the angiosperms), but naked on the scales of a cone-like structure. | | | These plants were set off from the other classes of higher plants that recognized the ferns and flowering plants. |
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http://www.onlineencyclopedia.org/g/gy/gymnosperm.html
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| | Gymnosperm Key Glossary |
| | Gymnosperm – A seed plant that produces seeds which are not enclosed inside an ovary, as the conifers. | | | Ovule – The structure in flowering plants and gymnosperms which when fertilized develops into a seed. | | | Pollen &; The small, often powdery, grains which contain the male reproductive cells of flowering plants and gymnosperms. |
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http://www.ibiblio.org/pic/GymnospKey/gymnosperm_key_glossary.html
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| | Gymnosperm - Search Results - ninemsn Encarta |
| | Gymnosperm (Greek gumnos, “naked”; sperma, “seed”), common name for any seed-bearing vascular plant without flowers. | | | Although some seeds simply fall from the parent plant and germinate next to it, most seeds are dispersed further afield to ensure that at least some... | | | All five living orders of gymnosperms consist primarily of tree species; the most important gymnosperm orders are the Pinales (pines) and Taxales... |
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http://au.encarta.msn.com/Gymnosperm.html
(88 words)
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| | In this experiment, the effects of temperature on rate of photosynthesis in gymnosperms and angiosperms was studied ... |
| | Perhaps the reason that the gymnosperms maintain their green color in the winter is because of the possibility that they may go dormant in the winter time to conserve energy, much like hibernation; the green color is just the pigment being stored in the plant. | | | Since gymnosperm needles remain green and attached to their tree branches in the winter time while angiosperm leaves turn brown, die and fall off of the branches, it was hypothesized that gymnosperms exhibit significantly higher rates of photosynthesis in colder climates than do angiosperms. | | | In support of the hypothesis, however, the mean rates of photosynthesis for the angiosperm and gymnosperm in the cold climate (which were -.3921 and -2.327 ppm/min/g, respectively) were indeed found to be significantly different; the gymnosperm rate of photosynthesis was significantly greater in cold climate than that of the angiosperm with a p-value of 0.0490. |
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http://www.colorado.edu/eeb/courses/1230jbasey/abstracts/lyon.html
(942 words)
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| | Gymnosperms of Northeastern Wisconsin |
| | Gymnosperm refers to a distinct group of plants, sharing common ancestry and defined by (among other things) a method of reproduction in which seeds develop on the surface of cone scales, exposed to the environment. | | | All of the Gymnosperms of Wisconsin are conifers, although the cones of some species have been so severely modified that they appear quite different (see the species of Taxus or Juniperus). | | | This character distinguishes the Gymnosperms from our largest group of plants, the Angiosperms, that bear their seeds inside an ovary (which develops into a fruit). |
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http://www.uwgb.edu/biodiversity/herbarium/gymnosperms/gymno_intro.htm
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| | Gymnosperms |
| | Unlike the ferns, in gymnosperms the spores as well as the gametes come in two sizes: separate microspores and megaspores (micro = small; mega = large, great) are produced in separate sporangia and develop into male and female gametophytes, respectively. | | | Some kinds can be very old and/or large: in California, a number of redwoods are over 100 m tall, there is a sequoia with a trunk diameter of 26 m, and there is a bristlecone pine which is over 4600 years old. | | | The “male” cones typically are found in clusters at the tips of lower, side branches, and usually take several years to develop. |
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http://biology.clc.uc.edu/courses/bio106/gymnospr.htm
(987 words)
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| | Biological Diversity 6 |
| | Numerous gymnosperm groups have been proposed as flowering plant ancestorts over the past century. | | | Most angiosperms also have larger xylem cells known as vessels that improve the efficiency of their vascular systems. | | | Clearly angiosperms are descended from some group of Mesozoic-aged gymnosperm seed plant....but which one? |
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http://www.emc.maricopa.edu/faculty/farabee/BIOBK/BioBookDiversity_6.html
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| | Gymnosperms |
| | A few gymnosperms, such as yews and ginkgoes, produce seed-bearing structures that actually do look "fruity." However, if you were to watch the seed-bearing structures of those plants as the ovules develop into seeds, you'd see for yourself that the seeds do not end up inside fruits. | | | In our fruit section we say that, by definition, fruits are the structures that develop from maturing flower ovaries, and seeds develop from ovules inside the ovaries. | | | Notice the brown, seed-producing cone at the lower left, and the female equivalent of a flower (the pistillate strobilus), at the upper right (like a tiny brown pineapple with yellowish golfballs clustered atop it), and the immature, bluegreen cone developing just to the left of the strobilus. |
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http://www.backyardnature.net/gymnos.htm
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| | gymnosperm |
| | All the members of this group lack the enclosed ovary in which the seed develops. | | | These adaptations along with others, (including specialized leaves) have allowed the gymnosperm to know success like no other plant had done (as far as size and complexity). | | | The seed has become a dispersible stage in the life cycle. |
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http://www2.gvsu.edu/~laphame/gymnosperm.html
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| | [No title] |
| | and the gymnosperm is Pinus taeda (L.) [loblolly pine]. | | | in order to cause the production of syringyl units during lignin biosynthesis and to production and propagation of gymnosperms containing syringyl lignin. | | | Background of the Invention Lignin is a major part of the supportive structure of most woody plants including |
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http://www.wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=99/31243.990624&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
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| | gymnosperm articles on Encyclopedia.com |
| | angiosperm ANGIOSPERM [angiosperm], term denoting seed plants in which the ovules, or young seeds, are enclosed within the ovary (that part of the pistil specialized for seed production), in contrast to the gymnosperms, in which the seeds are not enclosed within an ovary. | | | Seeds of gymnosperms, such as pines, may have numerous cotyledons. | | | vascular bundle VASCULAR BUNDLE [vascular bundle] in botany, a strand of conducting tissue extending lengthwise through the stems and roots of higher plants, including the ferns, fern allies, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/articles/05528.html
(438 words)
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| | Exam 4 Fall 2001 |
| | In the evolutionary step from gymnosperm to angiosperm, what changed about the fate (destination) of the sperm cells in syngamy (aka fertilization)? | | | What are the three components needed to call an object a seed: | | | In what tissue are the storage reserves located in gymnosperm seeds? |
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http://koning.ecsu.ctstateu.edu/Plant_Biology/exams/Ex4.01.html
(602 words)
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| | Gymnosperm Evolution |
| | Gymnosperms - naked seed - meaning that the seed develops on the outside of the plant (in some cases, only technically). | | | But in seed plants, the seed takes over the job of dispersal from the spores, which are now inside the plant. | | | May be unavailable until after lecture, or updated after lecture. |
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http://morgan.botany.uga.edu/btny1220/syllabus/lec/seed1.htm
(750 words)
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| | HON Allergy Glossary, Gymnosperm Pollen |
| | The gymnosperms are the plant order of non-flowering plants, which are characterised by the fact that their seeds are exposed to the air during all stages of development. | | | The gymnosperms are woody plants with, which are always pollinated by wind, hence their potential for inducing seasonal allergy, and often the seed-bearing structure is a cone. | | | In fact the name gymnosperm means 'naked seeds'. |
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http://www.hon.ch/Library/Theme/Allergy/Glossary/gymno.html
(516 words)
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| | Gymnosperm Database Citation List |
| | Catalog of the flowering plants and gymnosperms of Peru. | | | Pestaloside, which also has antifungal activity, could reduce competition from other fungal endophytes within the host. | | | A natural hybrid between black and white spruce in Minnesota. |
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http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/earle/refs.htm
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| | McAbee Formation research - Gymnosperm Reproductive |
| | Of the gymnosperm found at McAbee, two species of ginkgo and a minimum of 14 conifer taxa have been recognized. | | | Seeds and/or cones have been found that match with most of the foliage remains at the genus level. |
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http://www.evolvingearth.org/mcabee/gymnosperm.htm
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| | A Dictionary of Biology: gymnosperm @ HighBeam Research |
| | gymnosperm Any plant whose ovules and the seeds into which they develop are borne unprotected, rather than enclosed in ovaries, as are those of the flowering plants (the term gymnosperm means naked seed). | | | A Dictionary of Biology: gymnosperm @ HighBeam Research | | | Search for more information on HighBeam Research for. |
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http://www.highbeam.com/doc/1O6:gymnosperm/gymnosperm.html?refid=ip_hf
(118 words)
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| | The Gymnosperm Database: Home Page |
| | You enter the taxonomic tree at the Family level and then navigate to the Genus, Species or sometimes Variety levels. | | | Currently the Database provides basic information (sometimes only a name) for all species and higher-ranked taxa of the gymnosperms, i.e., conifers, cycads, and their allies. | | | Welcome to the Gymnosperm Database, the web's premier source of information on conifers and their allies. |
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http://www.conifers.org
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| | gymnosperm |
| | The group includes conifers and related plants such as cycads and ginkgos, whose seeds develop in cones. | | | Helicon Publishing is a division of Research Machines plc. | | | Fossil gymnosperms have been found in rocks about 350 million years old. |
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http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/encyclopaedia/hutchinson/m0024221.html
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| | Gymnosperm Database: Links |
| | Although primarily a commercial nursery, their selection includes many S Hemisphere gymnosperms and they provide useful (chiefly horticultural) information on most stocked species. | | | This outstanding website, prepared by Missouri Botanical Garden botanist Porter P. Lowry III, describes the physiographic setting of New Caledonia and has many interesting comments and fine photographs documenting native gymnosperms. |
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http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/earle/links.htm
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| | Key to Gymnosperms of Northeastern WI: Couplet 1 |
| | The key includes all native Wisconsin gymnosperms plus the commonest planted horticultural species. | | | Fascicled leaves (groups of two or more leaves attached as a unit to the twig) | | | The following key with accompanying photos is intended to assist the reader in identifying a particular specimen of a Wisconsin Gymnosperm. |
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http://www.uwgb.edu/biodiversity/herbarium/gymnosperms/gymno_key_start.htm
(124 words)
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| | Plant Gene Register PGR99-134 |
| | radiata (Domon, et al, 1995; Bishop-Hurley, et al., 1998), and preliminary southern blot evidence indicates that the gymnosperm GLP PcGER1 is probably unique in the pine genome (Neutelings, et al., 1998). | | | The reported gymnosperm GLPs are expressed in embryogenic cell cultures of Pinus caribaea and P. | | | GLPs have been identified in all species of plants examined to date going as far back as the gymnosperms. |
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http://www.tarweed.com/pgr/PGR99-134.html
(1485 words)
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| | Gymnosperm Database: Links |
| | Gondwana Gardens -- Although primarily a commercial nursery, their selection includes many S Hemisphere gymnosperms and they provide useful (chiefly horticultural) information on most stocked species. | | | Because they are so comprehensive, it is not practical for me to add them to each page of each species concerned. | | | These are links that provide significant additional information on many of the species addressed in the Gymnosperm Database. |
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http://www.conifers.org/links.htm
(900 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Illustrate the following reproductive structures from the Pine tree, a typical gymnosperm. | | | Review the process of gymnosperm reproduction in your lecture textbook, and the pertinent notes from the lecture. | | | Label the indicated features, and briefly state the function of each. |
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http://biology.clc.uc.edu/Fankhauser/Labs/Bio_Lab113/Gymnosperm_Reproduction.htm
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| | Links |
| | This page shows all the divisions of the plant kingdom and groups then according to non-vascular, vascular, and seed plants. | | | Ohio State University Hort and Crop Science Gymnosperm Page | | | Check out these sites to learn a little more about gymnosperms: |
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http://www.personal.psu.edu/users/j/l/jlc469/Links.htm
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| | Greguss (1967) Fossil gymnosperm woods in Hungary from the Permian to the Pliocene |
| | Fossil gymnosperm woods in Hungary from the Permian to the Pliocene | | | Greguss (1967) Fossil gymnosperm woods in Hungary from the Permian to the Pliocene | | | To view the the latter's ratings, click on Chapters/Papers/Articles in the STATISTICS box, select a publication from the list that appears, and then click on either Quality or Interest in that publication's STATISTICS box. |
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http://www.getcited.org/?PUB=101312266&showStat=Ratings
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| | (WO 99/31243) PRODUCTION OF SYRINGYL LIGNIN IN GYMNOSPERMS |
| | The production of syringyl lignin in gymnosperms is accomplished by genetically transforming a gymnosperm genome, which does not normally contain genes which code for enzymes necessary for production of syringyl lignin, with DNA which codes for enzymes found in angiosperms associated with production of syringyl lignin. | | | In addition, genetic sequences which code for gymnosperm lignin anti-sense mRNA may be incorporated into the gymnosperm genome in order to suppress the formation of the less preferred forms of lignin in the gymnosperm such as guaiacyl lignin. | | | (57) The present invention relates to a method for producing syringyl lignin in gymnosperms. |
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http://wipo.int/cgi-pct/guest/getbykey5?KEY=99/31243.990624&ELEMENT_SET=DECL
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| | Gymnosperm Collections: The Botany Department at The Field Museum |
| | The gymnosperm collection consists of approximately 12,000 collections, including thirty-seven types. | | | Gymnosperm Collections: The Botany Department at The Field Museum | | | There is good representation of Gnetaceae, Ephedraceae, Cycadaceae and Pinaceae with the bulk of the Pinaceae from the United States and Mexico. |
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http://www.fieldmuseum.org/research_collections/botany/collections_gymnosperms.htm
(75 words)
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| | Evolution and Ancestors |
| | The (genus) ginkgoes are differentiated from other gymnosperms | | | cyads, which look like palms, are also gymnosperms. |
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http://skurvits.tripod.com/amazingginkgo/id1.html
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| | Gerard et al.--Gymnosperm activity against L. cuprina |
| | Extracts from New Zealand gymnosperms shown to have activity against L. | | | Abstract A modified serum-based bioassay was used to screen plant extracts and assess compound activity against newly hatched larvae of the Australian sheep blowfly Lucilia cuprina. | | | Activity of extracts and compounds from New Zealand gymnosperms against larvae of Lucilia cuprina (Diptera: Calliphoridae) |
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http://www.rsnz.org/publish/nzjar/1997/23.php
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| | [No title] |
| | Transverse, Radial, and Tangential Longitudinal Sections of Angiosperm and Gymnosperm Woods 4. | | | Disease Symptoms of Angiosperm and Gymnosperm Trees D. ** Sequential modification of digital image capture methods steadily improved the resolution of the images: 1. |
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http://www.cas.muohio.edu/~meicenrd/mudescd/xidw/mudes/bmudes.txt
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| | Research on the Standardization of Gymnosperm Karyotypes Using Picea omorika as an Example |
| | Recommendations for standardization are given including: karyotype analyses using metaphase, anaphase or interphase cells, presentations of numerical karyotypes in absolute or relative length, definitions of centromere position, karyotype graphs, and reliability of position and frequency of secondary constrictions. | | | This variance among authors in describing karyotypes is problematic when comparisons are made among studies. | | | Research on the Standardization of Gymnosperm Karyotypes Using Picea omorika as an Example |
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http://www.metla.fi/iufro/iufro95abs/d2pap62.htm
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| | Angiosperm or Gymnosperm? |
| | Some gymnosperms do drop their leaves - ginkgo, dawn redwood, and baldcypress, to name a few. |
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http://www.cnr.vt.edu/dendro/forsite/idtype.htm
(152 words)
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| | gymnosperm on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Gymnosperms of northeast Alabama and adjacent highlands.(conifer plants) | | | Sprouting in Temperate Trees: A Morphological and Ecological Review. | | | Magazines and Newspapers for: gymnosperm or search in Pictures and Maps for gymnosperm |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/X/X-gymnospe.asp
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