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| | Goldenrod |
 | | The pollen grains of goldenrod, as is true of all insect-pollinated flowers, are comparatively fat and sticky so that they will adhere to visiting insects and be transferred by them to another flower. |  | | These are called galls and they are the homes of two different types of insects that are parasites on the goldenrod. |  | | Gall-making insects may be found on a wide variety of plants, but each species of insect is specific to a given species of plant and their galls have a characteristic and recognizable shape and location. |
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http://www.gpnc.org/goldenro.htm
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| | Houghton's Goldenrod (Solidago houghtonii) |
 | | Goldenrods are unfairly blamed because their showy flowers bloom at the same time as less conspicuous ragweed flowers that cause the itching and sneezing. |  | | Instead, goldenrod pollen is carried by the insects that pollinate the flowers and is not wasted on the wind or allergy sufferers. |  | | Ohio Goldenrod is a larger species with broader, flat leaves and a dense, many headed flower cluster with smooth, non-hairy stalks of the individual flower-heads. |
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http://www.michigan.gov/dnr/0,1607,7-153-10370_12146_12213-61388--,00.html
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| | goldenrod |
 | | Goldenrods are considered a very desirable wildflower, because of the large number of spectacular yellow flowers that bloom in late summer and fall. |  | | Goldenrods are extremely important to other wildlife, especially insects. |  | | Ragweed, which blooms at the same time as Goldenrod, is the culprit. |
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http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/goldenrod.htm
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| | Pretty Weed Goldenrod Lights Up Countryside |
 | | Goldenrod has brightly colored flowers to attract color-sensitive insects. |  | | Its pollen grains are relatively large, heavier than air, because they are designed to be carried off by flies, bees, butterflies, even ants or birds, but not by the wind. |  | | Scattered across old fields, on sides of roads, and various open areas are yellow flowers from blooming goldenrod. |
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http://www.aces.edu/Tallapoosa/newspaper-articles/03-10-12.htm
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| | Goldenrod - Solidago virgaurea - Encapsulated Botanical - Herbs |
 | | Goldenrod also has had several other topical applications: as a wash or compress for wounds, headaches and rheumatism, as a douche for yeast infections, as a poultice for bee stings, as a hair rinse for blond hair, and as a bath herb for facial steams. |  | | As a growing plant, Goldenrod is often falsely accused of being an intensely allergenic plant, because of its unfortunate tendency to bloom brightly at the same time as, and often in the same locations to, the truly allergenic Ragweed. |  | | Goldenrod is a common garden and wild plant in Europe. |
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http://www.metromkt.net/viable/singles/herbs/s852.shtml
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| | Andy's northern Ontario wildflowers - goldenrods |
 | | Goldenrod is most easily classified on the basis of the plant shape. |  | | Interest: This species is one of the earliest goldenrods to flower - early July in the Sudbury area. |  | | Bog goldenrod; flowers in terminal cluster that is longer than broad; individual flower clusters are neither curving nor one-sided. |
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http://www.ontariowildflower.com/goldenrods.htm
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| | Goldenrod |
 | | By comparison, goldenrod pollen is too heavy to be airborne long, and bees are the principal pollinators. |  | | Ragweed blooms at the same time as goldenrod, but its small, dull, yellow-green flowers do not attract the eye of humans, nor many insect pollinators. |  | | Goldenrod is so conspicuous, it usually gets the blame for fall hay fever. |
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http://www.ext.vt.edu/departments/envirohort/factsheets2/annperbulb/sep94pr5.html
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| | Pocono Record Online: Goldenrod besmirched as allergen |
 | | Their pollen is too heavy and sticky to spread in the wind, and they rely instead on insects to cross-pollinate their flowers. |  | | Their rich supplies of pollen and nectar, advertised by their bright colors and sweet fragrances, are gathered by monarch and sulphur butterflies, metallic blue blister beetles, orange and black soldier beetles, bright yellow-and-black-striped locust borer beetles, brown paper wasps, yellow jackets, white-faced hornets, bumble bees, honey bees, syrphid flies and many other pollinators. |  | | The petals of the individual flowers have been fused together to form the florets, and a single "petal" of a daisy, sunflower or goldenrod is actually an entire flower with several petals fused together and a full array of reproductive parts at its base. |
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http://www.poconorecord.com/local/alh52363.htm
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| | Sweet Goldenrod |
 | | Goldenrods are abundant in our area, and some are quite attractive, lighting up the low roadsides in late summer. |  | | Also, the flowers grow in small clusters on stems emerging from the axils, and the leaves are very wide (compared to length) and toothed nearly all the way around. |  | | Allergists now assure us that Goldenrod is not at fault - it is the tiny, unnoticed flowers and pollen of Ragweed causing the nasal mischief. |
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http://www.weaversites.com/AshevilleNatural/goldenrodsweet.html
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| | GOLDENROD FOOD WEB DYNAMICS |
 | | The second link in goldenrod food web is a parasitic insect that feeds on the goldenrod plant, but does not kill it. |  | | Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis (gall moth or one of its predator insects) 2a. |  | | You will calculate the rate at which goldenrod plants are parasitized by insects. |
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http://www.oswego.edu/wscp/gf.htm
(1000 words)
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| | Goldenrod Gall Fly |
 | | Goldenrod Gall Flies only lay their eggs in goldenrod, and these two species of wasps only lay their eggs where there are Goldenrod Gall Flies. |  | | After the flies mate, the female leaves to find a suitable spot on the goldenrod to lay eggs. |  | | These wasps seek out galls and use their own ovipositors to inject eggs into the gall. |
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http://www.fcps.k12.va.us/StratfordLandingES/Ecology/mpages/goldenrod_gall_fly.htm
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| | Florida Entomologist, v. 77, n. 2, p. 209 |
 | | Goldenrods have been studied as sources of natural enemies of field crop pests in a mixed crop system (Altieri 1979) and as competitors with seedlings of woody trees (Norbi and Kozlowski 1980). |  | | The insect fauna of goldenrods was surveyed for four consecutive growing seasons. |  | | Fontes, E. The diversity of the insect fauna of four species of Solidago (goldenrods) in Gainesville and its relation to the plant architecture. |
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http://www.fcla.edu/FlaEnt/fe77p209.html
(2788 words)
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| | GOLDENROD |
 | | Successful cultivation of goldenrod for production of the essential oil had been initiated in the southwestern United States. |  | | Plants are harvested when blooming, near the end of September, and the oil is extracted immediately by steam distillation (14.1-10). |  | | It has been suggested that the plant could be used for chewing gums and candies (14.1-10). |
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http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/med-aro/factsheets/GOLDENROD.html
(406 words)
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| | NNZ - Goldenrod Gall Fly |
 | | This insect parasitizes the stems of goldenrod plants causing the plant to produce a large spherical gall on its stem. |  | | he goldenrod gall fly (Eurosta solidaginis) is a common and widely distributed insect found coast to coast in the central part of North America. |  | | This is a plant that usually grows in thick patches, so its easy to find when its in flower in August and early September. |
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http://www.naturenorth.com/winter/gallfly/gallfly1.html
(1604 words)
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| | Goldenrod |
 | | European goldenrod is a perennial often found along roadsides and in open fields with single woody stems that grow to heights of 3 to 7 feet. |  | | Its pollen grains, which are meant to be carried by insects, are much heavier than those of ragweed and other plants with airborne pollens that may be associated with allergies or hay fever. |  | | The above ground parts of the plants are dried and used for medicinal purposes. |
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http://brainybrawn.com/IMCAccess/ConsHerbs/Goldenrodch.html
(776 words)
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| | Goldenrod |
 | | The Goldenrod is a harmless weed, valuable for erosion control and as food and cover for winter birds, Many years ago, certain species had a reputation for healing wounds; and another was one of the principle ingredients of a patent medicine called "Blue Mountain Tea" for colic and intestinal pains. |  | | There are some goldenrods that bloom as early as June, and some that bloom very late; some are short and some are tall; some are graceful and beautiful but some are rather coarse and unattractive. |  | | Since the first of August, in northern Illinois, the goldenrods have been blooming in profusion along the roadsides, in abandoned fields, in the prairies and in swampy ground. |
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http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/natbltn/200-299/nb237.htm
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| | Article - Goldenrod by Arthur Lee Jacobson |
 | | Goldenrods are in the sunflower family's Solidago genus. |  | | Sweet goldenrod also is smaller and more elegant, blooms later, is hairless, and more floppy. |  | | While our native species is edible, its sap is sticky and flavor not gratifying --there is enough rubber in the juice that people such as Thomas Edison have tried to make goldenrod rubber-extraction profitable. |
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http://www.arthurleej.com/a-Goldenrod.html
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| | Goldenrod - Herbal Encyclopedia |
 | | A lotion made from the flowers is used to treat insect bites and stings. |  | | Tea made from the flowers is used to treat colic, and is used as a douche to fight yeast infections. |  | | It prefers full sun, average to poor soils, and tolerates dry spells. |
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http://allnatural.net/herbpages/goldenrod.shtml
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| | Goldenrod Visitors |
 | | Ground nester, a beneficial preditor in the early to mid summer, a mean pest in the late summer/autumn when the colonies become large and defensive, and the individuals become crazed for sweets. |  | | Goldenrod attracts more varieties of insects than just about any other flower. |  | | are the only lepidopterans seen on the goldenrod in three days of observation, though there were several butterflies and moths in the area. |
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http://www.pollinator.com/goldenrod.htm
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| | Essences for School Transitions |
 | | My first inspiration was Goldenrod essence, not because of the essence description per se but because of the memories it evoked. |  | | When I was growing up, goldenrod bloomed profusely in late summer to early fall, just as I geared up to go back to school. |  | | (Goldenrod is classed as a weed because certain allergic people do react to the plant, among others, as a generator of hay fever, though it is not the worst offender.) |
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http://www.essences.com/vibration/may01/goldenrod.html
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| | iHerb: HerbalGram The Journal of the American Botanical Council |
 | | Early goldenrod is now naturalized in Europe, where it was introduced as an ornamental plant that later escaped cultivation (Wichtl, 1996; Wichtl and Bisset, 1994). |  | | European goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea L.) is a perennial plant native to Europe that has spread throughout Europe, northern Africa, North America and parts of Asia. |  | | Pharmacopeial grade European goldenrod herb consists of the dried flowering tops of S. |
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http://www.herbalgram.org/iherb/expandedcommissione/he042.asp
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| | Goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) |
 | | Use it for upper respiratory infections when there is an overabundance of mucus and postnasal drip. |  | | Cut the plant off at ground level and hang upside down to dry. |  | | It is also a carminative, and will ease colic and flatulence. |
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http://www.gardenguides.com/herbs/golden.htm
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| | Goldenrod |
 | | In February of 2001, low water levels caused the Goldenrod to hit the bottom of the Missouri River. |  | | One is a recommendation that the wood hull be removed because of safety concerns. |  | | Despite these setbacks, KKI Entertainment worked towards making the necessary reparations to re-open the showboat in the spring of 2002. |
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http://www.steamboats.org/gal-gold-ashley-weber.html
(4858 words)
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| | Early Goldenrod -- Solidago juncea |
 | | Early goldenrod blooms from July to August and is one of the first goldenrods to bloom. |  | | The genus Solidago, the goldenrods, are the state flower of Kentucky. |  | | This particular species grows mainly at the edges of wooded areas and open woods. |
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http://www.knps.org/Wildflowers/early.htm
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| | SCIENCE HOBBYIST: Goldenrod Paper, Giant pH Indicator, science project |
 | | Dip a wet strip of un-reddened goldenrod into the seemingly-empty jar, and you'll discover the depth of the pool of cold ammonia gas. |  | | Now drag the negative wire across the wet goldenrod, and it turns red. |  | | After awhile the drops of water collect nasty combustion products from the smoke and become acidic. |
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http://amasci.com/amateur/gold.html
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| | Goldenrod, Herb Monograph - Flora Health Herb Encyclopedia |
 | | The seeds and flowers of European goldenrod are reported to be very poisonous and can lead to narcotic hallucination, nausea, convulsions, respiratory failure, and even death. |  | | Asteraceae], is a perennial plant indigenous to Europe but is now found in North Africa, North America, and Asia. |  | | Studies also confirm that goldenrod is beneficial in treating kidney inflammation (nephritis). |
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http://www.florahealth.com/Flora/home/international/HealthInformation/encyclopedias/Goldenrod.asp
(666 words)
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| | Thursday's Plant -- Solidago |
 | | Roan Mountain goldenrod grows well in rocky terrain and is hardy to at least Zones 6-8. |  | | Most native species are very vigorous, but where they are planted in a little shade, gardeners won't have to worry about their taking over the area. |  | | The floriferous plant has 8- to 10-inch, loosely spiked, golden-yellow flowers and can reach 18-24 inches tall in cultivation. |
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http://www.greenbeam.com/features/plant061598.html
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| | Gale Encyclopedia of Alternative Medicine: Goldenrod |
 | | While European goldenrod (Solidago virgaurea) is perhaps the most well known variety, other species of the plant (there are over 100 and counting) appear to have roughly equivalent medicinal properties--in particular, the ability to increase the flow of urine. |  | | Averaging about 4 feet (1.2 m) in height, goldenrod is a perennial with clusters of bright yellow flowers. |  | | Goldenrod is also a very potent anti-allergic herb for sufferers of hay fever. |
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http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_g2603/is_0000/ai_2603000060
(1035 words)
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| | Tall Goldenrod -- Solidago altissima |
 | | Goldenrod is unfairly blamed for allergies, although it is actually the much more common ragweed, blooming at the same time but bearing copious tiny green flowers, which is to blame. |  | | Tall Goldenrod is one of the most showy wildflowers of our region, and appears from September to early October along roadsides, ditches, waste places and old fields, and is considered to be our state flower. |  | | While not the tallest of our more than 20 species of goldenrod, this species can reach a height of six to seven feet. |
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http://www.knps.org/Wildflowers/tallgrod.htm
(88 words)
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| | Kentucky State Flower Goldenrod Solidago |
 | | In the late 40s and early 50s the goldenrod's position as state flower was threatened the dogwood blossom and the redbud. |  | | The goldenrod is on of the most common and widespread of American wild flowers." |  | | The goldenrod is the official state flower of Kentucky. |
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http://www.netstate.com/states/symb/flowers/ky_goldenrod.htm
(625 words)
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| | Goldenrods (Solidago ) |
 | | Colorful flowers are almost always pollinated by insects and their pollen is not carried on the wind. |  | | The yellow flowers signal to hay fever sufferers that their misery is about to begin. |  | | Goldenrods often have long lived spreading root systems and there may be plants that are hundreds of years old. |
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http://www.2bnthewild.com/plants/H247.htm
(318 words)
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| | Solidago rigida - Stiff Goldenrod |
 | | A strong attracter of butterflies, Stiff Goldenrod's seeds are also |  | | Item #: 38770-03 - Stiff Goldenrod 3" Pot Tray - $44.48 |  | | Item #: 38770-04 - Stiff Goldenrod 4" Pot Tray - $41.22 |
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http://www.american-natives.com/SpeciesASP/Detail1/sr.asp
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| | Flowers Fuchsia, Gardenia, Gentian, Geranium, Gladiolus, Gloxinia, Goldenrod, Heather, Heliotrope, Hibiscus, Flowers ... |
 | | Flowers Fuchsia, Gardenia, Gentian, Geranium, Gladiolus, Gloxinia, Goldenrod, Heather, Heliotrope, Hibiscus, Flowers Pictures, World Flowers, Encyclopedia, Catalog, Flower Picture |
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http://www.4to40.com/earth/geography/htm/flowers.asp?counter=60
(41 words)
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| | Solidago missouriensis, Prairie Goldenrod |
 | | By 1940, after the drought, prairie goldenrod patches had thinned out and the plants were dwarfed by competition with grasses. |  | | Reproduces by seed and vigorous rhizomes; can form dense colonies in both uplands and lowlands. |  | | During the long drought of the 1930's in the Midwest, Prairie Goldenrod colonized bare areas where grasses and other native plants had died out. |
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http://www.rook.org/earl/bwca/nature/herbs/solidagomis.html
(482 words)
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| | Some Taxonomic Notes on Oregon Goldenrods, Part II |
 | | On bluffs and dunes of the immediate Oregon coast is a low-growing, densely-flowered species, sticky goldenrod. |  | | Perhaps this habitat preference allows it to remain genetically separate from Missouri goldenrod. |  | | The leaves decrease in size from stem base to apex, as in basin goldenrod. |
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http://www.oregonflora.org/ofn/v4n1/goldenrods.htm
(631 words)
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| | Southern goldenrod |
 | | Southern goldenrod is usually to be found on wet streambanks, springs and marshes to 7500' in coastal sage scrub, chaparral and yellow pine forest through- |  | | There are as many as thirteen ray flowers with ligules to 1/8" long and twenty disk flowers. |  | | The alternate leaves are somewhat fleshy, pale green and entire-margined but sometimes scabrid on the margins, the lowest lanceolate-elliptic up to 8-9" long and with nearly sheathed bases, and the upper lance-linear and reduced often with a few axillary leaf clusters. |
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http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/southerngoldenrod.html
(171 words)
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| | Drytheair.com: - 24" GoldenRod® Dehumidifier 25 Watts |
 | | Subscribe to our newsletter and be kept up to date on new products and specials. |  | | Dri-Z-Air 1 Case of 24 - 13 oz Refill Crystals |  | | The GoldenRod® Dehumidifier is the safest on the market. |
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http://www.drytheair.com/xcart/store/catalog/product_16151_24_GoldenRod_Dehumidifier_25_Watts.html
(425 words)
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| | Solidago altissima |
 | | Goldenrod's showy flowers are insect-pollinated; they produce little if any airborne pollen. |  | | These lovely composites unfairly take the rap for fall pollen allergies. |
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http://home.att.net/~cochran5/weeds01/solida03.htm
(39 words)
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| | Goldenrod Pump Information |
 | | The INDUSTRIAL strength USA Dutton-Lainson "Goldenrod 140" tire pump for $45. |  | | The MODIFIED Dutton-Lainson Goldenrod 140" tire pump sells for $50. |  | | The Goldenrod 140 was already a solidly designed product, but I challenge Dutton-Lainson to "tighen the specs more". |
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http://www.h2orocket.com/topic/pump/pump.html
(981 words)
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| | Zigzag Goldenrod Solidago flexicaulis |
 | | Named for the way the flowers zig and zag their way up the stem, it grows two to four feet tall on dry to medium woodland soils with a good humus content. |  | | Notable for its brilliant yellow flowers, this shade-loving goldenrod also sports attractive, finely-serrated oval leaves. |  | | For technical comments please write to Lisa Schneider, |
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http://www.prairienursery.com/SpeciesASP/sfpage.asp
(84 words)
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| | Goldenrod Posters |
 | | A goldenrod spider waits for prey on a California poppy flower, by Rich Reid/National Geographic Image Collection |  | | Category Browse Goldenrod << Flower Species << Floral / Botanical |  | | A garden of colorful tulips and grape hyacinths in New York City, by Raul Touzon/National Geographic Image Collection |
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http://www.istziemlich.org/posters/goldenrods/goldenrod-_7291.html
(83 words)
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| | eNature.com Nature Guides |
 | | Flowers small, but organized into larger heads resembling a single, radially symmetrical flower cupped by a ring of green bracts. |  | | Get a ZipGuide to the plants and animals of your area! |  | | description Hollow Goldenrod is a member of the aster family (family Asteraceae) which includes herbs, sometimes shrubs or vines, rarely trees, with simple or compound, alternate or opposite leaves. |
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http://www.enature.com/flashcard/show_flash_card.asp?recordNumber=WF0727
(169 words)
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| | Solidago altissima page |
 | | The plant grows quite large, "altissima" means "tall", and can be seen along nearly every roadside of the state in the fall. |  | | This species is in the group of tall Goldenrods which includes other similar species like S. |  | | - This is one the most common species of Goldenrod in Missouri. |
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http://www.missouriplants.com/Yellowalt/Solidago_altissima_page.html
(175 words)
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| | Western goldenrod |
 | | Western goldenrod inhabits both fresh- and saltwater marsh, valley grassland and sagebrush scrub almost entirely in cismontane Southern California, but extends to Northern California, British Columbia and the Rocky Mountains. |  | | Western goldenrod or grass-leaved goldenrod is a stout, glabrous much-branched perennial arising from a rhizome and growing to about 6' tall. |  | | The leaves are long (to 4"), linear, entire, sessile and 3-5 veined with an acuminate apex. |
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http://www.calflora.net/bloomingplants/westerngoldenrod.html
(159 words)
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| | Nebraska State Flower |
 | | The small flower heads, which are almost always yellow but sometimes have cream-colored or white rays, are grouped into either elongated or flattish clusters. |  | | The goldenrod (Soldiago gigantea) was declared the state flower by legislative action in 1895. |  | | Numerous species of goldenrod grow throughout the state. |
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http://www.50states.com/flower/nebraska.htm
(100 words)
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| | MDC - Programs - Goldenrod |
 | | On-site horticultural activities produce valuable products for local sale, and food for consumption in the homes. |  | | The Goldenrod Community is being constructed on eighteen acres of rural farmland in the Amish/Mennonite countryside 1.5 miles east of Middlebury, Indiana. |  | | The Goldenrod Community provides residential options for adults with developmental and other disabilities and for companions who choose to share their lives and homes. |
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http://www.goldenrodonline.org/programs/goldenrod
(178 words)
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| | Slender Fragrant Goldenrod (Euthamia tenuifolia) |
 | | Slender fragrant goldenrod has narrower leaves -- around 1/8 inch wide, generally with only a single vein running down the leaf. |  | | For help with identifying goldenrods, see the Quick Guide to the Common Goldenrods of New England. |  | | Slender fragrant goldenrod looks quite similar to lance-leaved goldenrod. |
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http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/galleries/euthamiatenu.html
(46 words)
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