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| | A Fondness For Ferns - Minnesota Conservation Volunteer: Minnesota DNR |
 | | Ferns and their allies differ from mosses in that they have a vascular system-tubes that carry water and nutrients from one part of the plant to another. | | | In contrast, fern allies tend to have small leaves, and their sporecases are single on some leaves or grouped in cones at the top of the plant. | | | To reproduce, ferns and their allies shed spores, which land on the ground and develop into tiny plant forms, which are all but invisible to us. |
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http://www.dnr.state.mn.us/volunteer/mayjun05/ferns.html
(994 words)
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| | Missouri Ferns |
| | Fern allies are species of plants that have been historically grouped with the true ferns because of similarities in reproduction and their internal systems for the circulation of water and food. | | | Homeowners and landscapers also plant ferns with other native woodland species when naturalizing the shady areas of yards and grounds under trees where it is often difficult to maintain grass. | | | Gametes (egg and sperm) are produced in separate areas on the underside of the prothallus. |
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http://www.conservation.state.mo.us/conmag/2003/03/10.htm
(1588 words)
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| | American Fern Society Spore Exchange |
| | Ferns and their allies were the dominant form of vascular plant until the Mesozoic Era (the age of the Dinosaurs) when seed bearing plants came into prominence. | | | The group of plants shown represents all of the major fern groups and one seed plant Cycas. | | | The roots anchor the plant to the ground and absorb water and minerals. |
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http://amerfernsoc.org/lernfrnl.html
(1386 words)
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| | What is a Fern |
| | Ferns are considered vascular plants and are some of the oldest living plants on earth. | | | Upon careful inspection of these plants they are not ferns because they produce flowers and seeds. | | | Ferns do not produce flowers, nor fruit nor seeds. |
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http://www.tfeps.org/what_is_a_fern.htm
(809 words)
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| | The New York Botanical Garden: Ferns |
| | This is because ferns reproduce by spores, which form in bundles called sori, on the underside of the fertile leaves. | | | Ferns can be used for decorations, ornaments, fertilizer, medicine, food or conservation. | | | Since reproduction of ferns is executed by spores instead of seeds, they are considered lower vascular plants. |
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http://www.nybg.org/bsci/herb/ferns.html
(1430 words)
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| | Fern sporangium |
| | Sori are elongated and covered by an indusium that is attached to one side; the free edge is serated. | | | Todea barbara, sporangia on lower surface of fertile pinnae. | | | A round indusium attached to the leaf at its centre, covers each sorus much like an umbrella. |
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http://www.sbs.auckland.ac.nz/info/schools/nzplants/fern_sporangium.htm
(342 words)
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| | The Mabelle Hayes Fern Garden |
| | There are 20 species which have been naturalized along the trail with a variety of spring flowers. | | | Fern allies include the scouring rushes and spikemosses. | | | They are readily adaptable to cultivation and are especially useful in a shade garden. |
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http://www.hayesarboretum.org/collection/fern-garden.htm
(181 words)
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| | basic ferns page |
| | A short branch rhizome is beginning to grow out that will eventually form an independent plant when its connection to the main rhizome axis is lost. | | | If the frond touches the soil or if the plantlet falls off, it will quickly grow into a new plant. | | | Many spleenworts form "bulbils"on their fronds, which detach and grow into new plants. |
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http://www.sbs.auckland.ac.nz/info/schools/nzplants/fern_asexual.htm
(217 words)
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| | Botany Lecture Notes : Bio. 2500 Lecture 19 |
| | I have several ferns growing in my yard that retain their foliage so that I can find them even after most other plants have lost their leaves. | | | Young fronds are curled and unroll as they mature. | | | Spore producing structures may be seen on the lower surface of some fertile fronds. |
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http://samson.kean.edu/~breid/lect19/lect_19loc.html
(434 words)
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| | BIO 5 GENERAL BIOLOGY |
| | Like the leaves of all vascular plants, fern leaves have veins that contain vascular tissue, xylem and phloem, mesophyll where photosynthesis occurs, and an upper and lower epidermis that is covered with a cuticle. | | | In vascular plants, the sporophyte has developed adaptations for dealing with life on land, but the gametophyte either avoids these problems or is dependent on the sporophyte. | | | The lower epidermis has stomata surrounded by guard cells. |
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http://www.csus.edu/indiv/r/reihmanm/ferns_and_fern_allies.htm
(1523 words)
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| | Getting Atop Climbing Fern |
| | The moth's cold intolerance is important because it means the insect is unlikely to survive cold winters in the eastern and northeastern United States, where a native fern and climbing fern relative called L. | | | With further research, a third moth, a hungry mite, a small beetle, and perhaps other hardworking organisms as well may qualify to join the coterie of pint-sized weed-eaters. | | | The nymphs' feeding causes the leaves to fall off, so the vine has fewer leaves to capture sunlight for the energy it needs. |
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http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/jan02/fern0102.htm
(1166 words)
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| | Conservatory Virtual Tour- Ferns and Fern Allies |
| | Floating ferns in their natural setting provide cover for fish and other animals, and some are food to certain types of fish. | | | These aquatic ferns display hundreds of fine translucent hairs that hang down in the water below them, absorbing nutrients for the plant just as true roots. | | | The fern plant, as most people are familiar with, is the sporophyte generation and it produces dust-like spores. |
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http://www.biosci.ohio-state.edu/~plantbio/greenhouse/ghconserv_tour_ferns.html
(576 words)
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| | Ferns and Fern Allies in the Canberra Region - Adiantum aethiopicum |
| | The fern appears to tolerate quite strong frosts and sunshine, but is usually found where there is good permanent ground moisture and protection from wind. | | | The image above shows young spring growth on the slopes of Mt Ainslie, only a few km from the city centre. | | | Ferns and Fern Allies in the Canberra Region - Adiantum aethiopicum |
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http://www.home.aone.net.au/byzantium/ferns/descriptions/adiantum/adaethiop.html
(207 words)
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| | Ferns and Fern Allies of Athens County, Ohio |
| | Many of the area's pteridophytes do grow on rocks, so rocks are always a great place to look. | | | Common, on moist hillsides and stream bottoms, often in extensive colonies | | | Frequent in suitable sites, found in moist soils of low slope. |
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http://www.jaknouse.athens.oh.us/ferns/athensferns.shtml
(897 words)
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| | Michigan Fern Foray |
| | Contrary to what you might expect, what is called Northern Michigan is not the Upper Peninsula, but rather the northern part of the Lower Peninsula. | | | On Wednesday we stayed in the Lower Peninsula and seemed to specialize in Equisetum and Dryopteris. | | | The emphasis was on Dryopteris hybrids, Botrychium, and the fern allies. |
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http://www-mtl.mit.edu/~penfield/pubs/foray-90.html
(1248 words)
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| | Fern Allies |
| | The gametophyte bears antheridia and archegonia and motile sperm cells swim to the eggs to fertilize these. | | | Click the button to move on to the Evolution of Seed Plants. | | | The young sporophyte, as for ferns, develops initially as a parasite on the gametophyte. |
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http://scitec.uwichill.edu.bb/bcs/bl14apl/pter3.htm
(917 words)
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| | Fern & Fern Allies Lab |
| | Club mosses grow wild in the wetter parts of Barbados. | | | An older heart-shaped stage may also be available. | | | (ii) Mount some sporangia from this fern in water on a microscope slide. |
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http://users.sunbeach.net/cmsc/lab3.htm
(589 words)
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| | Texas Tech University Press - Books - Ferns |
| | Ferns are usually thought of as plants of moist, humid regions, and at first glance the Trans-Pecos region of Texas, a rugged portion of the arid Chihuahuan Desert, does not appear to be a likely location for ferns and their relatives. | | | Wherever necessary, the species descriptions provide information on species that may be confused. | | | Yet in many seemingly unsuitable dry habitats, on shadowed slopes, in canyons, and near springs, seeps, and streams can be found sixty-four species of ferns and fourteen species of fern allies. |
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http://www.ttup.ttu.edu/books/FERNS.html
(405 words)
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| | Ferns and Fern Allies - Marcel's Forest |
| | The picture below shows the underside of the leaf with rows of sori containing spores that are the reproductive part of the plant. | | | A common fern growing trailside along Old-Growth Loop, sword fern is easily recognized by the small projection next to its stem that looks like the "hilt" of a sword blade. |
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http://www.advocatesfnm.org/oldgrowth/swordfern.html
(62 words)
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| | Ferns and Fern Allies - Marcel's Forest |
| | In winter, the bracken ferns die off, but in spring, they grow new stems and leaves and return to their rich green color. | | | Bracken fern usually grows to about 3 to 4 feet tall. | | | Costanoan women pulled the bracken fern roots from sandy soils in stream channels to be used in basket making. |
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http://www.advocatesfnm.org/oldgrowth/brackenfern.html
(102 words)
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| | Lab Exam 3 Information |
| | Again we are only looking at two groups of land plants on the lab exam, Bryophytes and the ferns/fern allies. | | | All other terrestrial plants are vascular, thus the ferns and fern allies are vascular. | | | In the ferns and fern allies the sporophyte is the dominate generation, thus the mature fern, Psilotum, Lycopodium, Selaginella and horsetail are sporophytes while the gametophyte is the small heart shaped prothallus. |
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http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/nlc_biology/lab_exam_3_info.htm
(276 words)
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| | Ferns and fern allies of Norfolk Island |
| | Estimates of remaining undisturbed land areas range from 2% to 5% and and island once forested and largely free of grass species is now dominated by pasture. | | | 47 taxa of ferns and their allies are known to occur on Norfolk Island. | | | Four, possibly five are introduced; of these two as weeds, the remainder as garden plants that may be naturalized. |
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http://www.anbg.gov.au/projects/fern/norfolk_taxa.html
(832 words)
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| | Ferns and Fern Allies in the Canberra Region - Todea barbara |
| | The fronds grow from a massive trunk, locally up to a metre or more tall. | | | Ferns and Fern Allies in the Canberra Region - Todea barbara | | | Ferns and Fern Allies in the Canberra Region |
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http://www.home.aone.net.au/byzantium/ferns/descriptions/todea/todea.html
(180 words)
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| | [No title] |
| | Les Fougères et plantes allies de France et d'Europe occidentale. | | | The Ferns and Allied Plants of New England. | | | A Field Manual of the Ferns and Fern Allies of the United States and Canada. |
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http://www.foliagegardens.com/book.html
(195 words)
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| | Amazon.com: Books: Hawaii's Ferns and Fern Allies |
| | More than 100 line drawings illustrate all 222 species, varieties, and forms, and some hybrids. | | | The volume is based on extensive fieldwork, studies of herbarium collections worldwide, and consultations with pteridologists, local ecologists, and collectors. | | | It provides the much-needed scientific basis for a new, worldwide appreciation of Hawaiian ferns and fern allies and for major efforts to protect and conserve them. |
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http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/0824825225?v=glance
(621 words)
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| | Encyclopedia of Shade Perennials, An by W. George Schmid - 0881925497 |
| | Gardener's Guide to Growing Hostas, The(Gardener's Guide to Growing Series) | | | Ortho's All About Shade Gardening (Ortho's All about) | | | Field Guide to Ferns and their related families, A : Northeastern and Central North America with a section on species also found in the British Isles and Western Europe |
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http://www.cambiumgardening.com/books/shade_gardens/0881925497
(1046 words)
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| | Ferns |
| | Fifteen species of ferns and their allies from 8 genera and 5 families were identified. | | | Specimens of ferns and their allies were collected over a period of three months from August to October 1998 through "walk in the wood" method covering an area of approximately 600 ha. | | | Ferns and their allies in Ayer Hitam Forest Reserve are still unknown. |
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http://www.geocities.com/EnchantedForest/Palace/1170/abnasir.html
(396 words)
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| | Bibliography |
| | The ferns and fern-allies of West Tropical Africa. | | | The fern family Elaphoglossaceae Pichi-Sermolli in India, Nepal and Bhutan. | | | Roux, J. The fern genus Elaphoglossum Schott (Filicales) in south Africa. |
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http://www.nybg.org/bsci/res/moran/elaphoglossum_biblio.html
(687 words)
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| | Ferns and Allies |
| | Books about New Zealand Ferns and Allies - at Natureandco.com's Store... | | | Biology 2402 Lecture Notes - Vascular Plants, Ferns and Allies... | | | Pteridophytes: the ferns and their allies - links... |
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http://www.scienceoxygen.com/botany/56.html
(167 words)
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| | Ferns and Fern Allies of Wisconsin: Diphasiastrum tristachyum, blue ground-cedar |
| | Ferns and Fern Allies of Wisconsin: Diphasiastrum tristachyum, blue ground-cedar | | | In Wisconsin it is found mostly in the northern two thirds of the state, most often on dry, acid, unproductive, sandy soils in forests with light canopies and in forest openings, including disturbed sites. |
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http://www.uwgb.edu/biodiversity/herbarium/pteridophytes/diptri01.htm
(162 words)
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| | Pteridophytes - Introduction |
| | Unlike today's herbaceous fern allies, however, these plants were huge. | | | Before we look at the existing ferns and fern allies you should realize how important and common these plants once were. | | | The Carboniferous was the age of the ferns and fern allies. |
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http://scitec.uwichill.edu.bb/bcs/bl14apl/pter1.htm
(723 words)
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| | Pteridophytes: Ferns and Fern Allies |
| | The Ferns and Fern Allies of the Red River Gorge, Kentucky | | | I have established this site on ferns and fern allies in order to communicate information from research that I've done, and hope that others find it useful. | | | I welcome any feedback from other people interested in ferns and fern allies (see bottom of page). |
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http://home.frognet.net/~jaknouse/ferns.htg/ferns.html
(79 words)
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| | Ferns & Fern Allies |
| | Common throughout in shaded places, the most widespread and common fern in the park. |
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http://www.coestatepark.com/ferns_and_fern_allies_of_henry_coe_state_park.htm
(363 words)
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| | vascular bundle on Encyclopedia.com |
| | The vascular bundle consists of xylem, which conducts water and dissolved mineral substances from the soil to the leaves, and phloem, which conducts dissolved foods, especially sugars, from the leaves to the storage tissues of the stem and root. | | | in botany, a strand of conducting tissue extending lengthwise through the stems and roots of higher plants, including the ferns, fern allies, gymnosperms, and angiosperms. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/v1/vascular.asp
(430 words)
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| | Pteridophytes: the ferns and their allies |
| | This resource, compiled at the Australian National Herbarium, is under development and is intended to include information about the taxonomy and distribution of Australian and regional ferns and their allies as well at general information about pteridophyttes. | | | Checklist of ferns and fern allies of the ACT and south coast NSW | | | An introduction to the structure of ferns and their allies |
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http://www.anbg.gov.au/projects/fern
(214 words)
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| | Ferns And Fern Allies Of New Hampshire - BANH |
| | In this fern flora of N.H. an attempt has been made to include all species, varieties, forms & hybrids of the true ferns & fern allies which have been seen in herbarium collections or mentioned in fern literature. | | | Ferns And Fern Allies Of New Hampshire - BANH |
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http://www.state.nh.us/nhsl/nhbooks/ferns.html
(47 words)
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| | Fern - British Pteridological Society: Fern World WW |
| | A fern, or pteridophyte, is any one of a group of some twenty thousand species of Several non-fern plants are called "ferns" and are sometimes popularly | | | A Cinnamon Fern has two types of fronds: the big green ones, and smaller ones which Cinnamon Fern provides good cover and protection for small animals, | | | Also known as: Water Fern, Mosquito Fern and Common Mosquito Fern. |
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http://www.link-submit.com/lsm/fern.html
(296 words)
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| | Ferns of Tasmania |
| | I recommend it not only for what it tells us about Tasmanian ferns and fern allies, but also what it tells us about their cousins worldwide. | | | He also discusses the relationship of Tasmanian ferns with its two closest neighbors, Australia and New Zealand. | | | The map shows the places in the state the species has been found and whether the record is (1) a field observation and an herbarium specimen or (2) only a field observation. |
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http://www.sdfern.com/tasfern.htm
(656 words)
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| | List of Fern, Palm, Cycad and Pelargonium Books |
| | The bulk of the book consists of an encyclopedic treatment of all the ferns in cultivation in the United States. | | | Each species is accompanied by a b/w line drawing to allow for easy identification and to provide a useful means of comparing species. | | | "The most comprehensive book available on fern cultivation in the United States". |
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http://www.rainbowgardensbookshop.com/palm.html
(3188 words)
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| | Open Directory - Science: Biology: Flora and Fauna: Plantae: Pteridophyta |
| | Pteridophytes: the Ferns and their Allies - A classification of the ferns and their allies - a work in progress at the Australian National Herbarium. | | | Australian National Herbarium Fern Pages - Comprehensive information about the taxonomy and distribution of Australian region ferns and allies as well at general information about pteridophytes. | | | Checklist of World Ferns - A compiled list of the ferns and fern allies of the world, with full botanical names, information about where they are found, and their classification. |
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http://dmoz.org/Science/Biology/Flora_and_Fauna/Plantae/Pteridophyta
(240 words)
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| | PBIO 250 Lecture Notes - Selected Families of Pteridophytes - Spring 1998 |
| | Among the other families in Cyatheales is the Tree fern family Cyatheaceae, seen here on the edge of a subtropical forest in Guerrero, Mexico. | | | Lellinger, D. A field manual of the ferns and fern-allies of the United States and adjacent Canada. | | | See a recent cladogram for the fern and fern allies |
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http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/systems/pter.html
(1172 words)
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