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| | Wheat - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Wheat is also planted strictly as a forage crop for livestock and as a hay. | | | Around 9000 years ago, wild einkorn wheat was harvested and domesticated in the first archeological signs of sedentary farming in the fertile crescent. | | | Emmer and Durum wheat hybridized with yet another wild diploid grass (Triticum tauschii) made the hexaploid (6x chromosomes) breeds Spelt wheat and Common wheat. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wheat
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| | Cereal (Grain) Photos #1 |
| | Emmer wheat is a tetraploid hybrid (4n=28) between einkorn wheat (T. | | | urum wheat (Triticum turgidum) is derived from wild emmer wheat of Syria. | | | A mutation in the tetraploid emmer wheat, causing the bracts (glumes) enclosing the grain to break away readily, gave rise to the tetraploid durum wheat (T. |
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http://waynesword.palomar.edu/ecoph12.htm
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| | Wheat (Triticum spp |
| | Domesticated emmer wheat is nonshattering with grains that are covered with clinging bracts (hulls). | | | Spring wheat - planted in spring and harvested in fall. | | | Over 70% of all wheat grown in U.S. is winter wheat. |
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http://www.unlv.edu/Faculty/landau/wheat.htm
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| | North American Millers' Association - Consumer Information Section |
| | Wheat's earliest ancestors are wild einkorn, or “one-seed” and emmer. | | | Included are the earliest wheat species and grasses that originally crossed to produce wheat. | | | The durum wheat now grown in the United States to make pasta and couscous was originally selected from the wild emmer wheat with large easy-to-thresh grains. |
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http://www.namamillers.org/ci_Wheat-Flour.html
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| | Triticum (wheat genus) |
| | Durum Wheat is the predominant variety that was selected from Emmer Wheat and has free-threshing grain. | | | Emmer Wheat was the main cereal crop in the Near East from the very beginnings of agriculture in this region. | | | Bread Wheat was produced under cultivation by the hybridisation of Triticum turgidum with the wild grass Aegilops squarrosa, about 4700 BC. |
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http://www.museums.org.za/bio/plants/poaceae/triticum.htm
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| | Taming wild wheat |
| | Emmer wheat originated in the Middle East, from whence it spread to Africa and gave rise to durum wheat, that is, the wheat used for pasta. | | | In the October issue of Genome Research, Eviatar Nevo and colleagues (University of Haifa) explore the genome of wild emmer wheat, a progenitor of modern cultivated wheat and a potential resource for breeding better wheat crops. | | | But wheat genetics are poorly understood compared to rice and other cereal crops. |
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http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2000-10/CSHL-Tww-1210100.php
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| | CSS 330 World Food Crops -- OSU Extended Campus - Oregon State University |
| | Alternative wheat cereals as food grains: Einkorn, emmer, spelt, kamut, and triticale. | | | Wheat is grown on more hectares than any other food crop, and is one of the most important sources of nutrients for humans in many areas of the world. | | | Unlike modern wheat, the seeds of the wild forms of Einkorn do not thresh free of the chaff, and the rachis of the spike is brittle and breaks apart at maturity. |
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http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/css/330/four/Unit7Notes.htm
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| | Fibers & Fiber Plants |
| | Durum wheat semolina is used for macaroni and ordinary wheat semolina for farinas. | | | Dwarf Wheat” or “Hedgehog Wheat” is different from all other species in having short compact heads and small kernels. | | | After threshing the wheat is winnowed and sifted. |
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http://faculty.ucr.edu/~legneref/botany/majcerea.htm
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| | Iranica.com - GANDOM |
| | Irrigated winter wheat is sown on fertilized fields and in rotation with various summer crops (maize, beans, cotton, etc.) whenever the cropping season is long enough and shortage of water not a frequent problem (see typical rotation schemes in Bazin, n.d., pp. | | | Therefore, in contrast to emmer wheat, which was probably domesticated on the Mediterranean side of the Fertile Crescent and had already reached the western part of the Iranian plateau by the 8th millennium B.C.E. (Flannery, p. | | | Zohary, "The Progenitors of Wheat and Barley in Relation to Domestication and Agricultural Dispersal in the Old World," in P. |
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http://www.iranica.com/articles/v10f3/v10f360.html
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| | Molecular Genetic Maps in Wild Emmer Wheat, Triticum dicoccoides: Genome-Wide Coverage, Massive Negative Interference, ... |
| | Joppa, L.R., Nevo, E., and Beiles, A. Chromosome translocations in wild populations of tetraploid emmer wheat in Israel and Turkey. | | | of quasi-linkage, with hexaploid wheat, maize, and Arabidopsis | | | Nevo, E. and Beiles, A. Genetic diversity of wild emmer wheat in Israel and Turkey: Structure, evolution and application in breeding. |
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http://www.genome.org/cgi/content/full/10/10/1509
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| | Articles - Emmer |
| | Emmer is a low yielding, tall awned wheat with small grains, with no husk. | | | Emmer wheat derives from hybridization of the diploid einkorn wheat with another diploid wild grass, sharing genomes from both to become tetraploid.&;???? | | | The oldest geobiological evidence of the einkorn and emmer wheats appears in Anatolia, around Mt. |
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http://www.lastring.com/articles/Emmer_wheat
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| | Frikeh Green Wheat |
| | According to Vallega (1), emmer was harvested green to prevent the shattering characteristic of the grain. | | | The harvest of immature wheat continued after durum wheat evolved, perhaps after harvesting green wheat from an accidentally burned field. | | | If the glumes were burned in emmer, grains could be damaged because emmer grains have thinner seed coats than other wheats (4). |
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http://web.odu.edu/webroot/instr/sci/plant.nsf/pages/frikeh
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| | Did you know: Food History |
| | (Naked wheats are wheats where threshing releases the naked kernals of grain, in contrast to hulled wheats, where the product of threshing are spikelets not grains.) Zohary’s deduction is based on the information currently available about the spread of agriculture in the Near East and on the present-day distribution of A. | | | Although taxonomists classify emmer as a hard wheat, the wheat designated as Triticum turgidum var. | | | Knowledge of the literature of cytogenetics, molecular archeology, paleobotany, and agricultural history is essential in being able to talk intelligently about the origins of hard wheat and hard wheat food products such as macaroni. |
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http://www.cliffordawright.com/history/macaroni.html
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| | Part 5. Historical Aspects and Crop Evolution |
| | Wild emmer, a tetraploid, is the ancestor of most wheat cultivated today. | | | It appears that Esdraelon populations of wild emmer were located at the base of rocky, untillable slopes, at the edges of deep soil and cultivation -precisely where hybridization between a crop and a non-weedy species would be most likely to occur. | | | N.I. Vavilov traveled through the region in 1926; he noticed “a peculiar subspecies of wild wheat [that] accompanies cultivated hard wheat in Palestine” (Vavilov 1957:98), and concluded that it must be the wild progenitor because of its similarity to the domesticate. |
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http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org/publications/HTMLPublications/47/ch10.htm
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| | Food Facts & Trivia: Emmer Wheat |
| | Emmer wheat is an old form of wheat that was first cultivated in Babylonia, and is still grown as a cereal grain in Europe. | | | Also called two grained spelt or starch wheat. |
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http://www.foodreference.com/html/femmerwheat.html
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| | Triticum species |
| | Alternative Wheat Cereals as Food Grains: Einkorn, Emmer, Spelt, Kamut, and Triticale—G.F. Stallknecht, K.M. Gilbertson, and J.E. Ranney | | | Wheat, durum wheat, winter wheat, spelt and triticale in New Crops for Canadian Agriculture—Ernest Small | | | Hulled Wheat—Promoting the conservation and use of underutillized and neglected crops. |
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http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/nexus/Triticum_spp_nex.html
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| | emmer wheat on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Intraspecific gene flow in bread wheat as affected by reproductive biology and pollination ecology of wheat flowers. | | | Characterization and inheritance of adult plant stem rust resistance in durum wheat. | | | Genetic diversity among and within CIMMYT wheat landrace accessions investigated with SSRs and implications for plant genetic resources management.(Crop Breeding, Genetics and Cytology) |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/X/X-emmerwhe.asp
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| | [No title] |
| | Domestication quantitative trait loci in Triticum dicoccoides, the progenitor of wheat. | | | Genetic mapping of Dn7, a rye gene conferring resistance to the Russian wheat aphid in wheat. | | | Molecular mapping of brittle rachis and its genetic effects in wild emmer wheat, Triticum dicoccoides. |
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http://lamar.colostate.edu/~jpeng/PublicationList-updated.doc
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| | Triticum Nomenclature |
| | According to: van Slageren, M.W. Wild wheats: a monograph of Aegilops L. |
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http://www.ksu.edu/wgrc/Germplasm/triticum.html
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| | Plant Gene Register PGR00-011 |
| | These two emmer wheats are genetically isolated by the infertility of hybrids between them. | | | dicoccum was probably the first cultivated wheat, but may have arisen in the wild and become established as a result of the artificial selection of naturally occurring stands of wild wheat. | | | Since hexaploid wheat cultivars may have arisen from different ancestors the aim was to determine the origin of the organelles of T. |
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http://www.tarweed.com/pgr/PGR00-011.html
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| | Larkins Lab |
| | As a Research Associate, she worked on Genetics and Breeding of hybrid wheat in Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences for seven years and then, she became an assistant professor in the Agriculture College of the Zhanjiang Marine University. | | | Li, YC (1995) The genetic improvement on seed viability of A-line and hybrid in wheat with T. | | | Heterosis of grain weight in wheat hybrids with T. |
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http://ag.arizona.edu/research/larkinslab/members/youchun.htm
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| | Farro.ca- Your Canadian Authority on Imported Italian Emmer Wheat |
| | Emmer (farro) is a non-genetically-modified ancient grain belonging to the wheat family. | | | After Julius Caesar’s invasion of Egypt in 30 B.C., Emmer (farro) found a home in Italy, the only country today where it is cultivated on a large scale. | | | 15%), magnesium, and the vitamins A, B, and E, Emmer also becomes a complete protein source when combined with legumes, making Emmer grains and pastas ideal for vegetarians, or anyone simply looking for a plant-based high-protein food source. |
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http://www.thepassionategourmet.com/farro
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| | NonMechanised Emmer Processing in Highland Ethiopia |
| | Despite high processing costs, land and water shortages, and the availability of more productive wheat species, the cultivation of emmer has persisted in highland Ethiopia mainly because foods produced are highly appreciated. | | | Over time, emmer was eclipsed by more productive free-threshing wheats during the Near Eastern Bronze Age, early in the 4th millennium BC, and never regained its early prominence. | | | From its early beginnings during the mid 8th millennium BC, emmer quickly grew to dominate wheat production in the Near East, subsequently spreading to Europe, the Transcaucasus and eventually to the Indian subcontinent. |
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http://www.sfu.ca/archaeology/dept/fac_bio/dandrea/emmer.htm
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| | Simply MJ Mary Jane Butters' syndicated newspaper column MaryJanesFarm |
| | Kamut kernels are two to three times the size of modern wheat. | | | Choose from exotic grains like amaranth, black emmer wheat, kamut, quinoa, and triticale. | | | Triticale is a cross between wheat and rye but looks like an exotic heirloom grain. |
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http://www.maryjanesfarm.com/SimplyMJ/articles/column16.asp
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