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| | Einkorn - definition of Einkorn in Encyclopedia |
 | | Einkorn wheat is a wild species of wheat, Triticum boeoticum. | | | Einkorn is a diploid species with a shattering ear and small seeds, making it difficult to harvest. | | | Kernels have been found in Epi-Paleolithic and early Neolithic sites of the Fertile Crescent. |
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http://encyclopedia.laborlawtalk.com/Einkorn
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| | Einkorn's Debut |
| | The wild progenitor of einkorn wheat, one of the first crops to be domesticated (ca. | | | The weedy einkorn, closely related to both wild and cultivated types, appears to be an intermediate form with some characteristics of cultivation (the stem is somewhat tougher than in wild plants, the seeds are intermediate in weight, and there are comparable numbers of seeds as in cultivated plants). | | | In cultivated einkorn the stalk is tougher (which makes the grain easier to harvest), and the seeds are larger and more numerous. |
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http://www.archaeology.org/9801/newsbriefs/einkorn.html
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| | Wheat (Triticum spp |
| | Einkorn wheat hybridizing with one of the goat grasses, Aegilops sp. | | | Much of the spread of einkorn was as a tolerated weed in the preferred cereal crop. | | | domesticated forms differs from the wild type in that the grains are nonshattering (they tend to stay on the stalk) in the domesticated einkorn, and the grains are larger. |
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http://www.unlv.edu/Faculty/landau/wheat.htm
(2000 words)
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| | triticummonococcum |
| | Genetics of resistance of cultivated einkorn wheat to stripe rust and powdery mildew. | | | Gliadin polymorphism in wild and cultivated einkorn wheats. | | | Variation in B-LMW glutenin subunits in Einkorn wheats. |
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http://www.newcrops.uq.edu.au/listing/triticummonococcum.htm
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| | CSS 330 World Food Crops -- OSU Extended Campus - Oregon State University |
| | Alternative wheat cereals as food grains: Einkorn, emmer, spelt, kamut, and triticale. | | | Einkorn was one of the first species of wheat that was grown for food, and wild forms still exist. | | | Unlike modern wheat, the seeds of the wild forms of Einkorn do not thresh free of the chaff, and the rachis of the spike is brittle and breaks apart at maturity. |
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http://oregonstate.edu/instruct/css/330/four/Unit7Notes.htm
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| | Ancient Wheats and New Perspective |
| | Einkorn, Emmer, Khorasan/Kamut and Spelt are among the earliest cultivated wheats and commonly are referred to as “ancient wheats.&; Except for Khorasan/Kamut, each of these wheat crops produces hulled or covered grains at harvest, i.e. | | | Lutein is the major yellow pigment in wheat grains, and the elevated level of lutein in einkorn wheat may pave the way for the development of function wheat market. | | | For instance, einkorn was found to contain significantly high level of lutein compared to other wheat species. |
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http://www.medicinalfoodnews.com/vol09/issue2005/wheat.htm
(813 words)
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| | Athena Review: Plant Domestication, Old World: Initial site of einkorn cultivation |
| | Einkorn, the first wheat crop of Old World, Neolithic agriculture, is a hulled wheat that typically produces one grain per spikelet. | | | Most often archaeological evidence for einkorn cultivation consists of charred grains which lack the anatomical parts necessary to track the transition from wild to cultivated forms. | | | Wild einkorn is so morphologically similar to the cultivated form that it does not constitute an independent species, but is designated as a subspecies, boeoticum, of T. |
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http://www.athenapub.com/einkorn1.htm
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| | Welcome to InfraReady Products (1998) Ltd. - - PRODUCTS |
| | Einkorn has re-emerged in domestic agriculture and is currently being grown in Canada. | | | This grain is one of the first cereal grains cultivated for food by man. Historical references to Einkorn suggest that early varieties of this grain were harvested as early as 9,000 BC. | | | Einkorn originates as one of the ancient varieties of cereal grains. |
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http://www.infrareadyproducts.com/products.html
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| | Cereal Breeeding Research Darzau - Einkorn |
| | Ciaffi,M.; Dominici,L.; Lafiandra,D.(1997): Gliadin polymorphism in wild and cultivated einkorn wheats. | | | Because of this transfer of resistence from einkorn into wheat during the 20th century, some similarities in proteins of modern wheat and einkorn can be expected in some cases. | | | Concerning the relationships to wheat, it could be of interest for people with allergies to notice that einkorn is used as a source for resistence to diseases and pests in wheat. |
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http://www.darzau.de/en/projects/einkorn.htm
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| | Agriculture - encyclopedia article about Agriculture. |
| | In these contexts lie the origins of the eight so-called founder crops of agriculture: firstly emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, then hulled barley, pea, lentil, bitter vetch, chick pea and flax. | | | From the Fertile Crescent agriculture spread eastwards to Central Asia and westwards into Cyprus, Anatolia and, by 7,000 BC, Greece. | | | These eight crops occur more or less simultaneously on PPNB sites in this region, although the consensus is that wheat was the first to be sown and harvested on a significant scale. |
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http://encyclopedia.thefreedictionary.com/agriculture
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| | North American Millers' Association - Consumer Information Section |
| | They began by cultivating the grains of einkorn, emmer, oats, and barley, as well as the edible seeds, or pulses, of chickpeas and lentils. | | | Wheat's earliest ancestors are wild einkorn, or “one-seed” and emmer. | | | Archeologists have found kernels of both wild and cultivated einkorn and emmer in excavated villages in Egypt and southwestern Asia's Fertile Crescent, the area between the upper reaches of the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. |
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http://www.namamillers.org/ci_Wheat-Flour.html
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| | emmer-eng |
| | Discoveries of Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) indicate a later appearance in cultivation of this diploid species of wheat than Emmer. | | | Because of their resistance to powdery mildew and rusts and also with regard to the conservation of biodiversity, both wheat species found increasing interest in organic farming. | | | Einkorn and Emmer — the renascence of old wheat species |
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http://www.uni-hohenheim.de/~lsa/emmer-eng.htm
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| | NOVA Online Ice Mummies The Iceman's Last Meal |
| | Under the microscope, he quickly identified the flake-like, semi-digested material that made up the bulk of the sample as einkorn, the most important wheat of the Neolithic, the period of prehistory in which people lived in semi-permanent settlements and survived by agriculture and keeping animals. | | | The discovery of einkorn, which does not occur naturally in Europe, in the Iceman's intestinal tract suggested that he had contact with an agricultural community. | | | Wheat spiklets derived from Einkorn grain, stuck to the Iceman's clothing. |
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http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/icemummies/iceman.html
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| | Nesbitt.html |
| | Emmer and einkorn were among the Neolithic founder species, appearing at the earliest farming sites, and spreading west as far as the British Isles and east to India and beyond. | | | Einkorn wheat and emmer wheat make a good case study. | | | We found that emmer and einkorn are still grown because they are uniquely resistant to fungal diseases such as stem rust that flourish in the wet, warm summers of the Pontic mountains. |
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http://www.asor.org/pubs/nea/ba/Nesbitt.html
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| | Triticum (wheat genus) |
| | With time Einkorn Wheat becomes a major crop in the near East in the Neolithic period. | | | Greece), on the Balkan Peninsula and in central Europe and remained the main cereal crop through the Neolithic period and into the Bronze Age although Einkorn Wheat was often grown as well. | | | It was domesticated from wild forms in the Near East about 9000 years ago to produce plants with plumper seeds that did not break off the plant before harvest. |
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http://www.museums.org.za/bio/plants/poaceae/triticum.htm
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| | e-Orders : home |
| | Covers the following grains: einkorn, emmer, Kamut, spelt, waxy wheat, hulless barley, hairless canary seed, hulless oats, specialty rye, specialty sorghum, blue and purple grains, amaranth, buckwheat, and organic grains. | | | The grains covered in this comprehensive resource include einkorn, emmer, Kamut, spelt, waxy wheat, hulless barley, hairless canary seed (a newly developed cultivar for human consumption), hulless oats, specialty rye, specialty sorghum, blue and purple grains, amaranth, buckwheat, and organic grains. | | | For the first time, there is one source of information on the numerous specialty or alternative grains that are today finding new niche markets. |
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http://interactive.aaccnet.org/source/orders/index.cfm?task=3&CATEGORY=BKH01&SKU=27411
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| | stevegagne's blog The Daily Grail |
| | The three important founder grains from the Fertile Crescent—emmer wheat, einkorn wheat, and barley—are the earliest examples known to be located near their wild relatives. | | | Einkorn wheat represents another perplexing example of early wild and domestic plant research. |
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http://www.dailygrail.com/blog/3899
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| | Plant Physiology Online: Abscission and the Dawn of Agriculture |
| | The first step in the transition from hunting and gathering to agriculture was the domestication of plants and animals. | | | Sharma and Waines (1980) have determined that two genetic loci are involved in the evolution of the tough-rachis character in einkorn wheat. | | | All the evidence suggests that wheat and barley were domesticated over a period of only 2 or 3 centuries, between 10,000 and 9700 B.P. (Smith 1995). |
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http://www.plantphys.net/article.php?ch=t&id=222
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| | AGRICULTURE: |
| | Moreover, they reveal that cultivated einkorn plants, as botanists had suspected, are remarkably similar genetically and in appearance to their ancestral wild varieties, which seems to explain the relatively rapid transition to farming indicated by archaeological evidence. | | | Genetically and morphologically, cultivated einkorn is quite similar to wild einkorn in general. | | | For einkorn (and probably for the other founder crops as well), that transition required changes in only a few genetic loci, which account for the few morphological changes distinguishing the crop from wild einkorn (1). |
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http://www.unl.edu/rhames/courses/orig_agri_tur.html
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| | Wheat and wheat products |
| | From wild einkorn, prehistoric farmers selected for non-shattering plants-wheats that produced grains that all matured at the same time. | | | Wild einkorn is still common in the Fertile Crescent; it is shattering, so of little value in cultivation. | | | Einkorn grains have been found at archeological sites, apparently collected in the wild. |
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http://www.odu.edu/webroot/instr/sci/plant.nsf/pages/wheatandproducts
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| | The Seed of Civilization |
| | Wheat's earliest ancestors are wild einkorn or one-seed and emmer, both of which are believed to have crossed with native botanical grasses to eventually evolve into common wheat("Wheat", np). | | | Eventually a natural outcross occurred between einkorn and the fourteen chromosome Triticum spletoides which produced a wild wheat, Triticum turgidum, which possessed twenty-eight chromosomes. | | | Archaeological discoveries have provided insight into how early Neolithic people, beginning from about 10,000 to 9,500 years ago, moved from being hunter-gathers to farmers by cultivating early species of wheat. |
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http://w3.uwyo.edu/~benbud/seed.html
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| | Main page frame |
| | The cultivation of einkorn, perhaps for eating as gruel, is thought to mark the origin of agriculture in the Old World. | | | Assuming that the progenitor of present cultivated einkorn have not undergone much change during last 10,000 years, those 11 also turned out to be the ones genetically most similar to cultivated einkorn, and so presumably the crop’s immediate ancestors, as it is clearly seen in the aflp gel in figure below. | | | This accompanies the change the einkorn wheat has gone through genetically while it was domesticated (within such short time) by the hunters. |
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http://www.geocities.com/eehakki/wheat.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Emmer and einkorn are still being cultivated in Turkey and in 1993 the sown area of hulled wheat there was 12 900 ha. | | | Hulled wheats Einkorn (Triticum monococcum), emmer (Triticum dicoccon), spelt (Triticum spelta) Introduction Hulled wheat species (einkorn, emmer and spelt) are among the most ancient cereal crops of the Mediterranean region (Perrino et al. | | | In many areas of the southern Apennines, emmer and einkorn are still used to feed animals and are linked with the low-level agricultural systems still practiced there. |
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http://www.ecpgr.cgiar.org/Networks/Minor_crops/Article_Michalova.doc
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| | Food Facts & Trivia: Einkorn |
| | Einkorn is a variety of coarse grained wheat, and is believed to be the ancestor of all modern wheat varieties. | | | DNA studies indicate that it originated in southeastern Turkey some 10,000 years ago, at the very beginning of agriculture. |
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http://www.foodreference.com/html/feinkorn.html
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| | Neolithic of Mediterranean |
| | In the fourth millennium BC Spanish agriculture is based on wheat, barley, legumes, sheep and goats and by the third millennium BC there is evidence for the use of irrigation in some areas. | | | By around 5000-3000 BC a gradual change results in the quantity of emmer being produced to decrease to a level similar to the production of barley and einkorn resulting in a more balanced production of a range of crops, the land around the fertile Thessaly plains also becomes more exploited. | | | The main livestock at this site consisted of both goats and sheep with the main crop being emmer, other crops, for example, barley and einkorn were produced but on a smaller scale. |
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http://www.le.ac.uk/archaeology/rug/AR210/TransitionsToFarming/neomed.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | Heun will be the overall leader of this SFF; he will organize the work on Einkorn wheat genetics/ breeding. | | | To achieve this, we will build on a successful Einkorn wheat network, which yielded international highly recognized results concerning the domestication of cereals. | | | Despite this vertical separation by species, all the work will be linked by horizontal activities: e.g. |
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http://www.nlh.no/forskning/nytt/word/heun.doc
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| | The Neolithic of the Levant (Excerpt 125) |
| | Wild-type einkorn was found in Mesolithic levels at Abu Hureyra and in the Neolithic 1 settlement at Mureybat so it was used for a long time before the cultivated varieties were developed. | | | This makes it likely that einkorn too was domesticated locally although the process probably toek place over quite a wide area of the Eastern Mediterranean and Near East (See Page 44 in *3 Below). | | | Both domestic and wild-type seeds of this species were found which Hillman suggests may have been deliberately cultivated together. |
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http://ancientneareast.tripod.com/125.html
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| | The CANEW Project |
| | It is however present in tiny quantities and may have derived either from wild stands grazed by animals or from plants growing as weeds in crop fields. | | | Neither is well represented in the excavated archaeological sites and neither is found without an association with cultivated cereal crops, thus suggesting that the archaeological finds may have derived from weeds rather than wild stands. | | | They are definite imports, created under human control and are totally dependent on human action for their survival. |
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http://www.canew.org/repasoutimartinbox.html
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| | AWN Vol 41 |
| | Einkorn doughs were also rather sticky and difficult to handle and characterized by a low mixing tolerance. | | | Recent studies suggest that diploid wheat, Triticum monococcum L. ("Einkorn"), may play a significant role in modern agriculture, both as a source of useful genes and as a crop in its own right. | | | Differences in amino acid composition between the three wheat species and between diploid wheat strains were minimal, especially after amino acid values were adjusted to a common protein level. |
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http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/ggpages/awn/41/awn41b11.html
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| | Cereal Chem 1999 Einkorn Characterization for Bread and Cookie Production in Relation to Protein Subunit Composition. |
| | Our data point to a simple genetic control of the breadmaking aptitude and indicate einkorn not only as a promising source of specialty foods but also as an ideal species for genetic investigations on wheat quality. | | | Significant differences in yield potential were observed between the two locations, with a three-fold increase in Germany as compared with Italy. | | | After dehulling and milling, the harvested kernels, flour protein content, sedimentation volume, falling number, carotenoid, and dry gluten content were determined. |
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http://www.aaccnet.org/cerealchemistry/abstracts/1999/0804-01R.asp
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| | Probert Encyclopaedia: Nature (Ea-El) |
| | Einkorn (Triticum monococcum) was the earliest domesticated cereal, first planted about 8500 BC. | | | It is remarkable for producing high yields even under poor conditions, rarely failing to produce a reasonable yield. |
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http://www.probertencyclopaedia.com/B3B.HTM
(3068 words)
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| | History of wheat |
| | Identification of the types of crops grown in the Iron Age comes from 3 sources of evidence; carbonised seed, pollen grains and impressions of seed fired into pottery. | | | In proportion related to the climate of the site; Einkorn is more resistant to cold, heat, drought, fungoid diseases and bird predation, although its yield is lower than those of emmer, spelt and naked wheat | | | Similar to Emmer but with a tough husk that cannot be removed. |
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http://www.farm-direct.co.uk/farming/stockcrop/wheat/wheathist.html
(428 words)
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| | Domestication of Plants |
| | The wild einkorn seed head, like other wild forms of domesticated grains, is fragile. | | | This is an advantage to the wild plant, helping the seeds to spread easily. | | | Domestication was a process that changed wild einkorn dramatically. |
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http://www.sfu.ca/archaeology/museum/peb/plethbot.html
(411 words)
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| | What did the Ancient Egyptians eat and drink? |
| | The bread was usually made from emmer wheat, although they also grew and used two other types of wheat, einkorn and spelt. | | | Bread is made from flour, obtained by grinding the wheat to a fine powder. | | | The Ancient Egyptians, both rich and poor, ate so much bread that the people who lived in the lands around Egypt called them “bread eaters”. |
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http://www.barrygray.pwp.blueyonder.co.uk/Egypt/Food.html
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| | House of Lords - Judgments - Trennery (Respondent) v. West (Her Majesty's Inspector of Taxes) (Appellant) and four ... |
| | At the beginning of 1995 they were negotiating to sell their shares in Einkorn to a company called North British Buses Ltd ("North British"). | | | The stage was then set for the essential steps which were to follow. | | | He and his wife were the first trustees (probably because no one else was willing to undertake the borrowing of such a large sum on the security of a minority holding of shares in an unquoted company) but as trustees they were regarded as a separate taxable unit. |
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http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld200405/ldjudgmt/jd050127/tren-1.htm
(4023 words)
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| | Important Sites |
| | - c.4000 BC some plants and animals including sheep, goat, emmer, barley and einkorn. | | | - (Macedonia) Tell/Mound village 5800-5300 BC - Sheep, goats, cattle, pigs, dogs, emmer, einkorn, barley. |
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http://www.le.ac.uk/archaeology/rug/AR210/TransitionsToFarming/nmedsit.htm
(115 words)
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| | Definition of einkorn - Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary |
| | : a one-grained wheat (Triticum monococcum) sometimes considered the most primitive wheat and grown especially in poor soils in central Europe -- called also einkorn wheat | | | Etymology: German, from Old High German, from ein one + korn grain -- more at | | | For More Information on "einkorn" go to Britannica.com |
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http://www.m-w.com/cgi-bin/dictionary?book=Dictionary&va=einkorns
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| | Why did Linnaeus name the wheats Triticum? - What's in a Name? |
| | In German, it is called einkorn, meaning one grain. | | | His body wasn't found until 1991 on the Austrian-Italian border. | | | Five thousand years ago, Otzi (the Iceman) ate a meal of unleavened einkorn bread and carrying a bow and arrows, disappeared in the Alps. |
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http://www.killerplants.com/whats-in-a-name/20010914.asp
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| | Destination Cinema -- Mysteries of Egypt -- Best Practices |
| | Einkorn's plan was to bring the people of Speyer as close to Egypt as possible, without actually going there. | | | But Michael Einkorn, Theater Manager, was looking for a fun and attention-getting way to open "Mysteries of Egypt," and this seemed most appropriate. | | | So, he secured three camels that visitors could ride for the opening day of the film. |
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http://www.destinationcinema.com/our_films/theater_managers/egypt_best_practices.asp
(217 words)
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| | Life Expectancy And Lung Cancer |
| | Splays control period able but body dinguses during talus proggers double biter wrote bastion horse. | | | Seg fact vamose jotted were baalism sat gibbon gasted biparous began david cole poachier said cell silent room often einkorn madly wonder life expectancy and lung cancer. | | | Caff ascend year adyta subvocal care type area ganofs newsboy connect mutual funds census gewgaw character goodwife ugsome town speak macer. |
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http://www.justmutualfunds.com/life_expectancy_and_lung_cancer.html
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