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| | Origin of Dinosaurs and Mammals - Erickson |
 | | By the end of the Triassic, the therapsids were on the brink of extinction; their descendants, the mammals, barely survived into the Jurassic and beyond. | | | Skeletal scaling principles and biomedical space research suggest that natural selection in reduced gravity will favor bone thinning, a relative decrease in skeletal mass, and an increase in the uppermost limit to body size. | | | Therapsids were typically compact with their mass concentrated in the trunk. |
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http://microlnx.com/dinosaurs/Synapsid_Diapsid.html
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| | [No title] |
| | However, recent work (Reisz, 1977) has extended the fossil record of diapsids to the Pennsylvanian (about 300 Myr ago), and greatly increased our knowledge of the diversity of early diapsids (Brinkman et al., 1984; Reisz et al., 1984; Laurin, 1991; deBraga and Reisz, 1995). | | | Oldest known amphisbaenian from the Upper Cretaceous of Chinese Inner Mongolia. | | | Laurin M. The osteology of a Lower Permian eosuchian from Texas and a review of diapsid phylogeny. |
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http://ag.arizona.edu/ENTO/tree/eukaryotes/animals/chordata/!Diapsida.nex
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| | Diapsid - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | While some lost either one hole (lizards), or both holes (snakes), they are still classified as diapsids based on their ancestry. | | | Diapsids ("two arches") are a group of tetrapod animals that developed two holes (temporal fenestra) in each side of their skulls, about 300 million years ago during the late Carboniferous period. | | | There are 14,600 species of diapsid existing in environments around the world today, including most flying and poisonous vertebrates. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diapsid
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| | DIAPSIDA |
| | The earliest and most primitive diapsids were the ARAEOSCELIDA - small, lizard-like reptiles with long necks and slim running legs. | | | Apart from the orders shown on this diagram, the diapsids also contain several less important orders. | | | The YOUNGINIFORMES (= EOSUCHIA), such as Thadeosaurus, may have been the ancestors of the later diapsids that gave rise to today's snakes and lizards, while 2 crocodile-like marine orders (CHORISTODERA, eg Champsosaurus and THALATTOSAURIA, eg Askeptosaurus) were evolutionary deadends. |
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http://www.dinoruss.com/de_4/5c5cd42.htm
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| | DIAPSID ICHTHYOSAURS |
| | What is most significant is that it preserves the caudoventral part of the cheek, demonstrating that the animal was diapsid in construction. | | | Maisch and Matzke conclude that the evidence now favours placement of ichthyosaurs within Diapsida but they argue that the debate is still not over as there are no known diapsids that appear to be suitable ichthyosaur ancestors (they may or may not mention hupehsuchians: I haven't yet read the whole paper). | | | This is significant because Maisch has previously argued strongly against the idea that ichthyosaurs are diapsids, favouring for them a basal reptile position instead. |
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http://dml.cmnh.org/2002Oct/msg00498.html
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| | Lecture 12 Notes |
| | Therapsids evolved in cooler climates, diapsids in warmer climates | | | Erect gait did not evolve until the Early Jurassic in synapsids | | | Triassic diapsids the first to make this breakthrough? |
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http://ijolite.geology.uiuc.edu/04FallClass/geo143/Lect12.html
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| | Reptilia |
| | Most important advance over amphibians is cleidoic egg and amnion, which allow exploitation of terrestrial environments close to amphibians. | | | Extinct diapsid largely quadrupedal dinosaurs lacking teeth and possessing a tetrraradiate pelvis (due to two-pronged pubis). | | | Pineal eye reduced in all but a few lizards, but still involved in regulation of diurnal rhythms. |
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http://faculty.vassar.edu/mehaffey/academic/animalstructure/outlines/reptilia.html
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| | Lecture 12 walking with dinosaurs |
| | The earliest known diapsid, Petrolacosaurus from the late Carboniferous, was about 60-70cm long and is thought to have been a very agile and terrestrial animal. | | | The term diapsid refers to the two temporal openings which are located in the upper and lower fenestra in the temporal region of the skull. | | | The assemblage of diapsid reptiles with socketed (thecodont) teeth, which includes the crocodiles, two orders of dinosaurs and pterosaurs, can be grouped as a Subclass Archosauria, or merged with the squamates and others in a Subclass Diapsida. |
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http://cal.man.ac.uk/student_projects/2003/mnzo0mlk/lecture12.htm
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| | Autapomorphies of Diapsid Clades |
| | The only neodiapsid that may not be an eosuchian is the poorly known genus Heleosuchus. | | | A list of autapomorphies of Diapsida and Sauria appears on the Diapsida branch page, but no list of autapomorphies of the other clades was provided (for clades that are more inclusive than Sauria but less inclusive than Diapsida). | | | This foramen pierces the dorsal surface of the posterior part of the distal head of the humerus in most other diapsids. |
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http://tolweb.org/accessory/Autapomorphies_of_Diapsid_Clades?acc_id=465
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| | Introduction to the Diapsids |
| | The main diagnostic physical character for a diapsid is the presence of two openings on each side of the skull; the upper and lower temporal openings. | | | The evolutionary history of the diapsid lineage is quite complex; diapsids evolved into many shapes, occupying many different ecological niches since they first came onto the scene in the late Carboniferous period (roughly 350 million years ago), when they were represented by the earliest diapsid, the tiny lizardlike Petrolacosaurus. | | | Even the birds are considered diapsids (and hence reptiles), because they are descended from certain dinosaurs (which are also diapsids), and ancestrally have the paired skull openings along with other physical characteristics that unite them with diapsids. |
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http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/diapsids/index.html
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| | Diapsid |
| | Diapsids are a subgroup of the tetrapods (greek: four-legged animals). | | | They are named after the two openings in their skull. | | | Brought to you by TravelSources and the Beaches and Towns Network, LLC. |
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http://www.teachtime.com/en/wikipedia/d/di/diapsid.html
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| | Glossary |
| | A crack in fine sediment produced by water loss or drying. | | | The earliest rhynchosaurs are small lizard like animals from the Lystrosaurus zone (see ecology of Triassic). | | | The openings would also have provided areas for muscle attachment providing their owners with jaws that could open wider and close with more force. |
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http://palaeo.gly.bris.ac.uk/Palaeofiles/Triassic/glossary.htm
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| | Pages 33-43 |
| | Archosaurs, the predecessors of lizards and snakes, had two temporal fossae and were called Diapsid. | | | Birds and modern lizards have what is referred to as a "modified diapsid" cranium. | | | Reptiles that eventually gave rise to modern mammals had one temporal fossae and were referred to as Synapsid. |
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http://comenius.susqu.edu/bi/302/StudyGuideforLabII.htm
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| | Mini Exam - Comparative Anatomy |
| | A is an extant diapsid with two obvious temporal fenestrae, an akinetic skull, and an ability to survive in cold climates. | | | A is a chordate that does not have myomeres. | | | The smallest monophyletic group that includes taxa G and H. The sister group to C? Definitions: define the following terms |
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http://www.auburn.edu/academic/classes/zy/0301/Mini_Exam/Mini_exam.htm
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| | Reptile Phylogeny 1 |
| | *diapsid skull is penetrated by two temporal fenestrae | | | Fig 3.29c An diapsid skull with two temporal fenestrae (Kardong, 2002). | | | Fig 3.29a An anapsid skull has no temporal fenestrae (Kardong, 2002). |
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http://www.lander.edu/rsfox/308reptile1Lec.html
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| | Transitional Vertebrate Fossils FAQ: Part 1B |
| | Apsisaurus (early Permian) -- A more typical diapsid. | | | Petrolacosaurus, Araeoscelis (late Pennsylvanian) -- First known diapsids. | | | Claudiosaurus (late Permian) -- An early diapsid with several neodiapsid traits, but still had primitive cervical vertebrae and unossified sternum. |
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http://www.talkorigins.org/faqs/faq-transitional/part1b.html
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| | Champsosaurs |
| | Interestingly, they managed to survive the extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous Period (called the Cretaceous-Tertiary Extinction or K-T Extinction) that killed the dinosaurs and many other large reptiles. | | | The Choristodera lived in freshwater rivers and swamps, and their fossils have been found in North America, Europe, eastern Asia, and most recently in the arctic regions. | | | Champsosaurs belong to the Order Choristodera, a group of crocodile-like reptiles that diverged (separated) from the main line of diapsid reptiles during the early Cretaceous Period. |
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http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/paleontology/31969
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| | Comparative Anatomy Topic 3 - Amphibians and Reptiles |
| | It makes sense that ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs are included in Diapsida because they do have modified diapsid skulls. | | | The presence of a euryapsid skull was once used to link ichthyosaurs and plesiosaurs into a monophyletic group; however, the euryapsid skull arose independently in both. | | | Just like the term Vertebrata that includes creatures without vertebrae (hagfishes), Diapsida includes animals without diapsid skulls. |
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http://www.auburn.edu/academic/classes/zy/0301/Topic3c/topic3c.html
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| | Reptile Skulls |
| | Mammals arose from the synapsid reptiles, and we refer to mammals and their skull type as therapsid. | | | Paleontologists can learn a lot about an animal from its skull. | | | The shape of its skull can tell us how animals are related. |
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http://www.suite101.com/article.cfm/paleontology/28667
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| | Talk:Skull - EvoWiki |
| | This page was last modified 16:51, 19 May 2005. | | | I think this way is better - keep the diapsids linked to diapsid, which is redirected to skull. | | | it's easier to make a working link ("diapsid" instead of "skulldiapsid"), |
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http://wiki.cotch.net/index.php/Talk:Skull
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| | Diapsid Phylogeny |
| | In all extant groups except Sphenodon, the post-orbital bar has been lost, so that two openings are not apparent. | | | The ancestors of all modern "reptiles" (except turtles, and including birds) had a diapsid skull, with two temporal openings. |
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http://www.mun.ca/biology/scarr/Diapsid_phylogeny.htm
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| | TUATARA |
| | The diapsid skull is characterized by having two temporal fenestra on each side of the skull. | | | Other vertebrates have synapsid skulls characterized by one pair of temporal fenestra (most mammals) or anapsid skulls that lack such fenestra altogether (as in modern turtles). | | | Modified diapsid skulls are seen in many lizards and some birds, but the true diapsid condition is best exhibited in the tuatara. |
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http://comenius.susqu.edu/bi/302/tuatara.htm
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| | Reptilia - Biognomen |
| | They had one temporal fenestra that appears homologous with the upper fenestra of diapsids. | | | The first group of reptiles with a diapsid skull. | | | They lack the temporal fenestrae present in higher reptiles. |
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http://webpages.charter.net/teefile/biognomen/Reptilia.html
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| | Diapsid papers |
| | The osteology of a Lower Permian eosuchian from texas and a review of diapsid phylogeny. | | | Frey, Sues, and Munk 1997 Gliding mechanism in the Late Permanian reptile Coelurosauravus. | | | I hate to make requests like this, but if anyone by a long shot chance possibly has these papers as JPEGs or PDFs, I would appreciate it if they could send them to me. |
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http://dml.cmnh.org/2003Jul/msg00379.html
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| | Diapsid reptiles were common free-swimming marine predators during the Mesozoic |
| | For eutherian mammals, this approach suggests that it is unlikely that many modern orders arose much earlier than their oldest fossil records. | | | Diapsid reptiles were common free-swimming marine predators during the Mesozoic |
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http://www.brown.edu/Departments/EEB/Janis_abstracts/Evolutionary_Preservation.html
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| | Turtles as diapsid reptiles |
| | Snakes, lizards, crocodiles, dinosaurs and others are 'diapsids', in that they have (at least primitively) two holes in the temporal region. | | | THE traditional classification of reptiles is based on a single key character, the presence and style of fenestration in the temporal region of the skull. | | | Our result robustly supports the diapsid affinities of turtles, and so requires reassessment of the use of turtles as 'primitive' reptiles in phylogenetic reconstruction. |
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http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v384/n6608/abs/384453a0.html
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| | Chapter 11 The Triassic Takeover |
| | Some early diapsid reptiles are not properly understood, including Mesosaurus, a strange little Permian fish-eating reptile that was the earliest amniote to reach the southern continents. | | | Sphenodontia are a sister group of the Squamata but include only one family with one living form, the tuatara Sphenodon. | | | Here is UC Berkeley's Introduction to the diapsid archosauromorphs |
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http://www.geology.ucdavis.edu/~cowen/HistoryofLife/CH11.html
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| | AHA Forum - View Profile: diapsid |
| | Unregistered - Call 480 894-1625 to see what it takes to be on the AHA Hotline. | | | diapsid is not a member of any public groups |
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http://www.sloanmonster.com/forums/member.php?userid=588
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| | IngentaConnect Turtles as diapsid reptiles |
| | Archosauromorph relationships of turtles have previously been proposed on the basis of neontological (mostly soft anatomy) characters. | | | This conflicts with palaeontological data which shows turtles to be related either to anapsids, or to the lepidosauromorph branch within diapsids. | | | Recent molecular studies of amniote relationships show turtles to be diapsid reptiles, related to the archosauromorph branch of saurian phylogeny. |
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http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/bsc/zsc/2000/00000029/00000003/art00039
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| | diapsid - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | Tip: Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "diapsid" is defined. | | | We found 9 dictionaries with English definitions that include the word diapsid: | | | diapsid : The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language [home, info] |
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http://www.onelook.com/?w=diapsid&ls=a
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| | What is the adaptive significance of having a diapsid skull (i.e. | | | In addition to office hours Wednesday - Derek will be available Thursday Morning from 11 — 12 for additional final questions. | | | Describe how a lepidosaur shed its skin (i.e. |
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http://www.sonoma.edu/users/g/girman/BIO360/Studyguide3.html
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| | The Triassic Takeover |
| | Visit the Source of the Mesosaurus [Link Broken] and Sharovipteryx Images | | | Tree of Life Website Guide to the Diapsids | | | An Overview of the Fossil Diapsids from the Russian Dinosaur Exposition Website in St. Louis |
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http://biology.fullerton.edu/biol404/hol/hol_ch11.html
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