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| | Desertification - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Modern desertification often arises from the demands of increased populations that settle on the land in order to grow crops and graze animals. | | | Desertification became well known in the 1930s, when parts of the Great Plains in the United States turned into the "Dust Bowl" as a result of drought and poor practices in farming, although the term itself was not used until almost 1950. | | | Desertification is the degradation of land in arid, semi arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors including climatic variations and human activities. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desertification
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| | desertification - Hutchinson encyclopedia article about desertification |
| | Desertification can sometimes be reversed by special planting (marram grass, trees) and by the use of water-absorbent plastic grains, which, added to the soil, enable crops to be grown. | | | The human-aided processes leading to desertification include overgrazing, destruction of forest belts, and exhaustion of the soil by intensive cultivation without restoration of fertility – all of which may be prompted by the pressures of an expanding population or by concentration in land ownership. | | | Palm and tamarisk trees are planted inside a barrier in an attempt to stabilize the encroaching sand dunes on a palm plantation in southern Morocco and so slow the process of desertification. |
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http://encyclopedia.farlex.com/desertification
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| | DESERTIFICATION OF ARID LANDS |
| | Desertification in the arid regions of Asia is characterized by overgrazing of the rangelands of the Middle East and Central Asia, water erosion of cultivated lands from eastern China to the Mediterranean Sea, and salinization and waterlogging on a large scale in Iraq, Pakistan, China, and the Soviet Union. | | | Overgrazing and woodcutting are responsible for most of the desertification of rangelands, cultivation practices inducing accelerated water and wind erosion are most responsible in the rain-fed croplands, and improper water management leading to salinization is the cause of the deterioration of irrigated lands. | | | A monoculture of grain in the cultivated regions has depleted the native fertility of the soil and has been responsible for increasing the susceptibility of the land to wind and water erosion. |
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http://www.ciesin.org/docs/002-193/002-193.html
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| | Desertification |
| | Overcultivation, for example, leads to declining soil fertility and falling crop yields, crusting of exposed topsoil by rain and sun, increased surface runoff and accompanying erosion of soil and gullying, wind erosion, encroachment of sand dunes on arable land and destruction of crops by dust-bearing winds. | | | Desertification is a process whereby the productivity of drought- prone land decreases because of a variety of factors including deforestation, overcultivation, drought, overgrazing (poor rangeland management), poor irrigation (waterlogging and salinization), soil erosion, chemical action and other practices. | | | Data from FAO show that while only 20 percent of the arid land in Rajasthan could be cultivated in the 1970s, 30 percent was being cultivated in 1951 and 60 percent was being cultivated in 1971, mainly at the expense of grazing lands and traditional long fallow periods (Grainger). |
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http://www.lehigh.edu/~kaf3/books/reporting/desert.html
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| | Desertification |
| | Desertification reduces the ability of land to support life, affecting wild species, domestic animals, agricultural crops and people. | | | The reduction in plant cover that accompanies desertification leads to accelerated soil erosion by wind and water. | | | The area at risk to desertification is thus large and likely to increase. |
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http://www.botany.uwc.ac.za/Envfacts/facts/desertification.htm
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| | Desertification - a threat to the Sahel |
| | Desertification is a man-induced process that leads to soil nutrient depletion and reduction of biological productivity. | | | Eden's solution to desertification is for farmers to stabilise their environment themselves by intercropping edible perennials in their fields. | | | By increasing the population of perennials in the agricultural zone, farmers become agents for the stabilisation of their land. |
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http://www.eden-foundation.org/project/desertif.html
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| | FAO : SD Dimensions : Environment : Environmental conventions and agreements |
| | Another consequence of desertification at the local and global level is the reduction in biodiversity, since it contributes to the destruction of the habitats of animal and vegetable species and micro-organisms. | | | The vulnerability of land to desertification is mainly due to the climate, the relief, the state of the soil and the natural vegetation, and the ways in which these two resources are used. | | | Desertification is a world-wide phenomenon which causes the earth's ecosystems to deteriorate. |
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http://www.fao.org/waicent/faoinfo/sustdev/EPdirect/EPan0005.htm
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| | Deserts and desertification |
| | Desertification is devouring more than 20,000 square miles of land worldwide every year. | | | The economic impact is horrendous, with a loss of more than $40 billion per year in agricultural goods and an increase in agricultural prices. | | | About 3,6 billion of the world's 5.2 billion hectares of useful dryland for agriculture has suffered erosion and soil degradation. |
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http://www.didyouknow.cd/deserts.htm
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| | Tiempo issue 8: Desertification: the scourge of Africa |
| | The recent assessment of desertification and drought by the United Nations Statistical Office (UNSO) shows that the main threats to sustainability in the Sudano-Sahel zone are low and erratic rainfall, coupled with soil erosion by wind, water and the drying up of surface water resources and the depletion of ancient groundwater and salinization of soils. | | | These drylands lie mostly along the fringes of the two great deserts in the continent the Sahara and the Kalahari where the average annual precipitation is between 100mm and 600mm and where the ecology is largely based on crop and livestock farming activities. | | | The exploitation of woodland resources around towns is leading to deforestation, increased soil erosion and sand dune encroachment. |
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http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/cru/tiempo/issue08/desert.htm
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| | Len Milich: Desertification |
| | Common indicators of desertification include a reduction in the amount and diversity of plant and animal species, loss of water-retention capacity, lessened soil fertility, and increasing wind and water erosion. | | | Biological productivity refers to the naturally-occurring plant and animal life as well as to the agricultural productivity of a given area. | | | In some such densely-populated areas, demands on natural resources - arable land, grasslands for grazing, trees for fuelwood and browsing - are unsustainable given the indigenous systems in use at present. |
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http://ag.arizona.edu/~lmilich/desrtif.html
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| | About Desertification |
| | Desertification is most destructive in the dry lands of South America, Asia, and Africa. | | | Desertification combined with long periods of drought result in reduction in food productivity and the constant threat of famine. | | | The nonstop cultivation of worn out land, over-grazing, excessive cutting of fuel wood, and farming on steep or fragile soils in combination with poor water management could mean that 3.3 billion hectares of irrigated land, range and rain-fed cropland are threatened with drying into desert like conditions annually. |
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http://www.the-human-race.com/pages/about_desertification.htm
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| | Desertification |
| | The population of Africa is increasing, and is set to double every twenty-four years, whilst the amount of food being produced to feed each person is falling. | | | Here, the soils are often poorly-managed, which means that they store less water and produce less grain even when there is enough rainfall. | | | Soils have become dusty and are blown away by the wind, as they need natural fertilisers, rest from continual planting, and trees to shelter them from the wind. |
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http://www.yptenc.org.uk/docs/factsheets/env_facts/desertification.html
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| | Desertification: A review of the concept |
| | Desertification is a self-accelerating process, feeding on itself, and as it advances, rehabilitation costs rise exponentially. | | | The phenomenon known as desertification has received widespread attention recently, as witness the creation of the United Nations Conference on Desertification in Nairobi in 1977, mainly as a result of the impact of extended drought in the West African Sahel in the early 1970s. | | | Cultivation practices that can lead to desertification include land-clearing practices, cultivation of marginal climatic regions, cultivation of poor soils, and inappropriate cultivation tactics such as reduced fallow time, improper tillage, drainage, and water use. |
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http://www.ciesin.org/docs/002-479/002-479.html
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| | Guardian Unlimited Special reports The arid expansion |
| | The environmental impacts of desertification include a reduction in crop yields, a loss of plants and a deterioration in the quality of plant foodstuffs available to human and animals. | | | There are many ways available to control wind erosion on the ground, including the planting of trees as shelter belts. | | | In addition, remaining soils can become saline when the heat of the sun evaporates moisture, leaving toxic salts behind. |
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/desertification/story/0,7369,421005,00.html
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| | What is desertification? |
| | The main characteristic of aridity or dryness is the lack of available moisture in average climatic conditions: arid or dry lands are those that experience a negative balance between moisture inputs (annual precipitation levels) and moisture losses (evapo-transpiration). | | | "Desertification" is a process by which susceptible areas lose their productive capacity. | | | Africa, with a rate of disappearance of forest cover of 3.7 to 5 million ha per year bearing down on both surface and groundwater resources and with half the continent's farmland suffering from soil degradation and erosion, is under the greatest desertification threat. |
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http://www.gm-unccd.org/English/About/desertification.htm
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| | Issue in Focus: Desertification: Earth's Silent Scourge |
| | Chapter 2 discusses the American experience of disastrous desertification, as reflected for the most part in the spoilage of Midwestern agriculture during the 1930s. | | | Although some aspects are hidden from human sight, desertification affects everybody on the planet by robbing global soil of nutrients, degrading agricultural production, spreading dust throughout the globe, contaminating water, and making it far more difficult to remedy poverty and hunger. | | | Chapter 5, "Water," concludes the publication by showing how loss of land through desertification and loss of water are intrinsically interconnected, as irrigation systems needed to coax more crops out of deteriorating soil inadvertently deposit salt into soil, leading to a deadly cycle of environmental decay. |
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http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/desertific
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| | Tiempo Climate Cyberlibrary, Tiempo - Issue 9, Desertification and climate change |
| | The definition of desertification adopted by the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in 1992 is land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors including climatic variations and human activities. | | | Determining the precise contribution of climate variation to the problem of desertification is not, however, an easy matter. | | | There is no doubt that desertification plays a role in altering the sources and sinks of greenhouse gases, contributing to global warming. |
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http://www.cru.uea.ac.uk/tiempo/floor0/archive/issue09/t9art1.htm
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| | IMPACTS - Desertification |
| | Serious social disruption could occur as millions are forced from their homelands as a result of desertification, poor harvests and sea level rise, while international disputes over shared water resources could turn into conflict in the face of declines in water availability and increased demand. | | | In addition, the rate of desertification would increase due to increases in erosion, salinisation and fire hazard and reductions in soil quality. | | | While losses may be partially offset by beneficial effects from carbon dioxide, crop production would be further threatened by increases in competition for water and the prevalence of pests and diseases and land losses through desertification and sea level rise. |
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http://archive.greenpeace.org/climate/science/reports/desertification.html
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| | ESA - Observing the Earth - Space sentinels track desertification on Mediterranean shores |
| | The term 'desertification' refers not to the spread of existing deserts, but the creation of new ones through the degradation of susceptible arid or dryland ecosystems, which extend over a third of the Earth's land surface. | | | Degradation is mainly due to human activities such as overfarming or land clearance, although drought also degrades the quality and productivity of soil and vegetation, and the impact of climate change remains an open question. | | | Forecasting is needed of areas most at risk, and this is what satellites can provide. |
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http://www.esa.int/export/esaEO/SEMPMCWJD1E_index_0.html
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| | Desertification Summary |
| | "desertification is land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities." | | | Combating desertification is essential to ensuring the long-term productivity of inhabited drylands. | | | It occurs because dryland ecosystems, which cover over one third of the world's land area, are extremely vulnerable to over-exploitation and inappropriate land use. |
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http://www.iitap.iastate.edu/gccourse/issues/desert/desert_lecture.html
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| | Agriculture & Rural Development - Desertification |
| | Desertification is land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from climatic variations and human activities. | | | It occurs because drylands are extremely vulnerable to over-exploitation and inappropriate land use (for example, deforestation, overgrazing, bad irrigation practices...) | | | Topics > Agriculture & Rural Development > Desertification"> |
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http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/EXTARD/0,,contentMDK:20452543~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:336682,00.html
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| | BBC NEWS Africa Experts seek desertification halt |
| | Desertification is being blamed for forced migration and growing food insecurity among millions of people in the developing world. | | | More than 3,000 experts have gathered in Nairobi for a conference on ways to reclaim agricultural land from encroaching deserts. | | | The problem now affects two-thirds of the world's agricultural land. |
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http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/4349060.stm
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| | The Water Page - Desertification |
| | Desertification is the draining of the life-supporting capabilities of arid or semiarid land. | | | Drought or misuse by humans makes land susceptible to desertification which spreads into arid and semiarid areas. | | | Desertification is the spread or encroachment of a desert environment into arid or semiarid regions. |
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http://www.thewaterpage.com/drought_desertification.htm
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| | August 5, 2003: China Losing War With Advancing Deserts |
| | Arresting desertification may depend more on grass than trees—on both permitting existing grasses to recover and planting grass in denuded areas. | | | A more recent U.S. embassy report entitled "Desert Mergers and Acquisitions" says satellite images show two deserts in north-central China expanding and merging to form a single, larger desert overlapping Inner Mongolia and Gansu provinces. | | | U.S. Department of Agriculture - Natural Resources Conservation Service World Desertification Vulnerability Map http://www.nrcs.usda.gov |
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http://www.earth-policy.org/Updates/Update26.htm
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| | ScienceDaily: Tracking Desertification With Satellites |
| | Desertification does not so much refer to the spread of existing deserts as the creation of new ones, through the reduction of productivity of vulnerable dryland areas by soil deterioration and erosion as well as the long-term loss of natural vegetation. | | | Desertification Alters Regional Ecosystem Climate Interactions (January 27, 2005) -- Using advanced remote-sensing techniques from a U-2 surveillance plane and field studies, scientists from the Carnegie Institution Department of Global Ecology have for the first time determined... | | | Dryland desertification can be remedied or even reversed, provided information is available on what areas are most at risk. |
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http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2005/10/051031125638.htm
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| | Peace Corps World Wise Schools Lesson Plans Teacher Guides Senegal |
| | Ask, too, about desertification in his/her part of the world. | | | What human factors contribute to the desertification of an area? | | | Ndiane is a village located in one of the regions of the world most threatened by desertification, the African Sahel. |
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http://www.peacecorps.gov/wws/guides/senegal/debate.html
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| | afrol News - Northern Africa in need of reforestation |
| | Efforts to combat desertification in the Mediterranean - as in Tunisia in particular - have often focused on tree planting schemes, "which in many cases have failed to restore all the goods and services a healthy forest ecosystem can provide," the environmentalist group holds. | | | This process was focusing on restoring the functions that forests provide - such as food, habitat for species, soil stabilisation, and medicinal plants - at the broader landscape level as opposed to solely promoting increased tree cover in a particular location. | | | - Contrary to popular belief, desertification is not the natural expansion of deserts, but results from a combination of human actions and climate change which transforms green landscapes into barren desert-like areas, WWF says. |
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http://www.afrol.com/articles/12828
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| | CIA - The World Factbook -- Field Listing - Environment - international agreements |
| | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands | | | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands | | | party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping, Ozone Layer Protection, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands |
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http://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/fields/2033.html
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| | ALN No. 40: Web resources on desertification |
| | Desertification of Agricultural Lands in Egypt by Remote Sensing (Project) | | | Access the section from the menu in the left-hand frame, by selecting "Special Projects" and then "Desertification." | | | This site is an excellent source of information on NGO activities worldwide relating to the CCD. |
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http://ag.arizona.edu/OALS/ALN/aln40/WebResources.html
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| | Desertification |
| | Desertification, drought and surface vegetation: an example from the West African Sahel. | | | According Charney, overgrazing would enhance the radiative loss, which would foster subsidence within the troposphere, leading to drier conditions in the Sahel, and therefore less plant growth during the wet season. | | | The topic was discussed indirectly in Notes 10.I and 10.J, where reasons are given for expecting no influence of forestation on rainfall, unless done over large areas; even then, the enhanced rainfall is insufficient to support the manmade forest. |
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http://www-das.uwyo.edu/~geerts/cwx/notes/chap10/desertification.html
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| | ALN No. 41: Waser: Web resources on desertification, Pt. 2 |
| | There are currently far more web resources on desertification in Africa, the Mediterranean and North America than there are sites covering either Asia or Latin America. | | | UNEP Dryland Ecosystem and Desertification Control Programme Activity Centre (DEDC/PAC) | | | Sites are now appearing that are being developed specifically as part of CCD-related activities; I expect that this development will only grow stronger with time. |
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http://ag.arizona.edu/OALS/ALN/aln41/webresources41.html
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| | Desertification |
| | Imagine yourself living in a world where soil is dry, water is scarce, agriculture is difficult, and therefore food is limited. | | | Desertification is land degradation that seriously destroys the world's valuable store of productive areas. | | | In your research you learned the different aspects of desertification. |
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http://education.nmsu.edu/webquest/wq/deserti/Desertification.html
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| | Desertification |
| | Nicholson, S. et al., 1998: Desertification, Drought, and Surface Vegetation: An Example from the West African Sahel. | | | Drought is only a part of the desertification process, with the majority of the problem due to human pressures on the land. | | | Desertification is defined by the 1992 Earth Summit as "land degradation in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities." Desertification is occurring rapidly in the world´s drylands. |
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http://www.iitap.iastate.edu/gccourse/issues/desert/desert.html
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| | Desertification |
| | They may have no security of tenure on their land or even for the trees they plant. | | | Programs in the past to control desertification have had limited success. | | | Those which succeeded did so only in some areas and only for limited periods. |
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http://www.worldbank.org/html/cgiar/newsletter/Sept97/10unep.html
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| | Guardian Unlimited Special reports Spain warns desert is spreading |
| | A third of the country is at risk of being turned into desert as climate change and tourism add to the effects of farming. | | | Over-grazing and irrigation methods that wash away topsoil were to blame for some of the damage, experts said. | | | The deserts of north Africa are threatening to leap the Mediterranean and creep through Spain, according to government figures made public as part of a national campaign to halt desertification. |
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http://www.guardian.co.uk/spain/article/0,2763,1509401,00.html
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| | The desertification of China |
| | These include planting grasses first to stabilize and enrich soil, then trees. | | | Firewood collection (32.4%) is a key cause of desertification in northern China, according to a study by Chinese researcher Ning Datong and published by the University of Toronto. | | | They introduced a desertification rehabilitation program, which, thus far, has consisted largely of fencing in the nearby sand and erecting signs proclaiming: "Controlling the Desert, State Focus Point." The farming prohibition was mostly a waste of time as well. |
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http://www.gluckman.com/ChinaDesert.html
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| | NCAR - Institute for the Study of Society and Environment |
| | Glantz, M.H. 1994: "Drought, desertification, and food production." In: Drought Follows the Plow: Cultivating Marginal Areas, M.H. Glantz (Ed.). | | | Glantz, M.H. 1995: "Desertification contributes to world hunger." In: Hunger, S. Barbour (Ed.). |
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http://www.isse.ucar.edu/publications.jsp
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| | GCSE Desertification webquest. |
| | Global ecosystems, Desertification — useful photos and background info | | | What are the physical and human causes of desertification in the region? | | | What are consequences of desertification in the region? |
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http://www.webspawner.com/users/desertquest
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| | Desertification In Ghana |
| | These involve either modifying each individual's farming methods or | | | the reasons for desertification and land degradation include "climate | | | In real life desertification looks like an area of hard and |
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http://www.yourlearningzone.com/Environment/Desertification-In-Ghana.html
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| | Enda - RIOD Afrique and Desertification |
| | Read the Dakar Declaration presenting the aspirations and perspectives of African NGOs in readiness for COP1, as decided in the African Regional Conference of NGOs on the Implementation of the Convention to Combat Desertification in Dakar, Senegal, September 8-12, 1997. | | | Progress in Implementing the Convention to Combat Desertification in Africa - | | | CONTACT : Masse LO, Emmanuel Seck, Yacine Gueye |
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http://www.enda.sn/energie/desertif/desertif.htm
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| | United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification |
| | Mindful that desertification and drought affect sustainable development through their interrelationships with important social problems such as poverty, poor health and nutrition, lack of food security, and those arising from migration, displacement of persons and demographic dynamics, | | | Aware that arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas together account for a significant proportion of the Earth's land area and are the habitat and source of livelihood for a large segment of its population, | | | Acknowledging that desertification and drought are problems of global dimension in that they affect all regions of the world and that joint action of the international community is needed to combat desertification and/or mitigate the effects of drought, |
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http://www.unccd.entico.com/english/text1.htm
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| | Friends of the Earth International |
| | Desertification and land degradation are global environmental problems that devastate the livelihoods of millions of rural people, especially small-scale farmers. | | | Yet, official development aid to rural communities, where the majority of the world's poor lives, has been declining over the past decade. | | | Water privatisation schemes have already lead to disastrous effects in countries like Niger and Northern Mali, where rural people living in deserts and drylands have been faced with water bills that are taking up between 12 and 70% of their income. |
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http://www.commondreams.org/news2003/0902-05.htm
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| | Combatting Desertification - Main Page |
| | These people, occupying approximately one quarter of the planet, are facing major problems which include soil degradation and vegetation loss, leading to the deterioration of arable land and, eventually, to chronic food insecurity. | | | CIDA is also responsible for the implementation of the Convention and the integration of efforts to combat desertification in Canada's own affected areas. | | | More than one billion people worldwide, most of them among the poorest in the world, are affected by drought and desertification, which is land |
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http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca/desertification-e.htm
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| | The Daily Star - Lebanon News - Combating desertification in the Bekaa |
| | Since March 2004 they have been actively running their first agro-tourism pilot project in the Deir al-Ahmar-Yammouneh area. | | | With only 150 millimeters of rain per year and local inhabitants averaging an income of just $50 per month. | | | The only way is to eradicate poverty with local development projects," said Darwish. |
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http://www.dailystar.com.lb/article.asp?edition_id=1&categ_id=1&article_id=5385
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| | Technorati Tag: Desertification |
| | Posts tagged Desertification per day for the last 30 days. | | | The country's exposure to natural hazards is escalating as human activities drastically alter the... | | | This page shows blog posts, photos, and links that have been tagged Desertification. |
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http://www.technorati.com/tags/Desertification
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| | UNCCD - United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification |
| | MA synthesis report - Growing desertification threatens to swell by millions. | | | June 17 - The 2004 «World Day to Combat Desertification» read.. | | | UN Secretary General interim report is presented to the General Assembly. |
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http://www.unccd.int/main.php
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| | Désertification |
| | Sustainable Developments: Combating Desertification - Connecting Science with Community Action (12-16 May 1997) | | | Rio+5 Special Focus Report: NGO Report on the Convention to Combat Desertification | | | Practical Guide for Non-Governmental Actors - International Convention to Combat Desertification Second Conference of Parties |
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http://sdgateway.net/topics/fr_87.htm
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