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| | Fern - Encyclopedia.WorldSearch |
 | | A fern is defined as a vascular plant that does not produce seeds, but reproduces by spores to initiate an alternation of generations. | | | *"Asparagus fern" - This may apply to one of several species of the monocot genus Asparagus, which are flowering plants. | | | # The fertilized gamete (diploid zygote) grows by cell division into a sporophyte (the "fern" plant) |
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http://encyclopedia.worldsearch.com/fern.htm
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| | [No title] |
| | This small fern is a southern species half way between the maidenhair and ebony spleenworts, but rather more like the latter from which it differs in being smaller and thicker, and in having the fertile and sterile fronds of the same size. | | | The young ferns should be transplanted in early spring with as much of the long, running rootstock as possible. | | | Instead of seeds the fern produces spores, which are little one-celled bodies without an embryo and may be likened to buds. |
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http://www2.cddc.vt.edu/gutenberg/1/1/3/6/11365/11365.txt
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| | Natural Area Weeds: Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum) |
| | While not as serious a pest as Old World climbing fern, it is invasive in natural areas, a weed in pine plantations where it suppresses growth of pine seedlings, and is spread when pine straw is bailed and shipped for landscape use. | | | Protection of natural areas becomes more and more important worldwide as natural habitats are sacrificed to urban, agricultural, and industrial land uses. | | | Rare plant species, such as the tropical curlygrass fern (Actinostachys pennula) are threatened in their last remaining habitats, such as northern Everglade tree islands. |
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http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/AG122
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| | Floridata: Lygodium spp. |
| | Light: Climbing fern tolerates shade, but generally produces spores only on portions of the plant exposed to the sun. | | | It is widely naturalized in South Florida, where it tends to become established along the ecotonal transitions between pinelands and wetlands. | | | These plants are best used to create lush tropical atmosphere in northern greenhouses and atriums where their spores cannot escape to establish weedy infestations. |
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http://www.floridata.com/ref/L/lygo_spp.cfm
(657 words)
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| | Chapter 10 Old World Climbing Fern - Biological Control of Invasive Plants in the Eastern United States |
| | The fern’s temperate limits are between 28°S and 29°S in Australia and South Africa, and 25° N and 27°N in Assam (northeastern India) and the Ryuku Islands (the southwestern most part of Japan). | | | In Asia, the fern is distributed from India and Nepal, east through much of Southeast Asia, and north through the warmer provinces of southern China to Taiwan and Okinawa. | | | The paucity of natural enemies associated with Lygodium in Africa may relate to the time of year that the surveys were made, or to the low diversity of Lygodium species on the continent. |
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http://www.invasiveplants.net/biologicalcontrol/10ClimbingFern.html
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| | Hardy Ferns, Perennials Guide to Planting Flowers |
| | The Royal or Flowering Fern can be grown in 2 or 3 inches of still water or in very moist places. | | | In the ordinary garden very pretty effects are gained by planting the early flowering bulbous plants among them, because the fronds of the ferns begin to unfurl very early in Spring. | | | Shady or semi-shady places ale best, planted underneath trees and around tall shrubbery, where the plants Will be more or less protected from the sun and hot, dry winds. |
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http://www.backyardgardener.com/pren/pg53.html
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| | Hungry Mite May Quell Old World Climbing Fern |
| | The scientists combed climbing fern's native range, hunting for the plant and the critters that keep it in check in rainforests, dry seeps, coastal marshes, bay swamps, and tree islands. | | | To speed the search for mites that were in sync with the Florida genotype, Goolsby developed the tactic of taking small plantlets, or sporelings, of the Florida variant along on expeditions so that local mites could be immediately exposed to this target plant within the confines of a mobile laboratory. | | | This fast-growing, dark-green weed, Lygodium microphyllum, is on the march in Florida's unique and fragile Everglades ecosystem and other wetlands. |
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http://www.ars.usda.gov/is/AR/archive/jul04/mite0704.htm
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| | Invasive Fern Smothers Plants |
| | The fern is an innocuous plant in its home countries of Asia, Africa, and Australia, but Florida lacks the natural enemies to fight its spread. | | | Scientists believe that releasing another species to control the fern is probably the best long-term solution, because spraying herbicides can be costly, ineffective, and harmful to native plants. | | | Sawflies and pyralid moths have shown promise, but the focus has been on an Australian moth (cataclysta camptozonale) that could be used in Florida once scientists determine whether it can control lygodium without harming native plants. |
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http://www.npca.org/magazine/2003/may_june/news1.asp
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| | American beech |
| | It is commonly found in ecotones between pinelands and wetlands. | | | Plants establish easily in moist soils and are hard to control. | | | These fertile pinnae have margins that roll inward to protect the sporangia which grow along the underside of leaf edges. |
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http://www.sfrc.ufl.edu/4h/exotic/oldworld.htm
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| | Invasive Weeds in Georgia |
| | It is becoming a problem in pine plantations, leading to the threat of the spores being spread in pine straw bales. | | | Spores occur on the fertile leaflets as a double row of dots under the margins. | | | Vines (rachises) are thin and wiry, usually dying back in winter. |
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http://www.gaeppc.org/weeds/climbingfern.html
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| | Floridian: Project: Eradicate Old world climbing fern |
| | No one is sure how or when Old World climbing fern made its way into Florida, according to Ken Langeland, an agronomist at the University of Florida and co-editor of the newly published Identification and Biology of Non-Native Plants in Florida's Natural Areas. | | | He squints toward the tops of tall cypress trees, where brown clumps of foliage hang like scraps of beard: Lygodium microphyllum, otherwise known as Old World climbing fern, perhaps the most alarming new pest plant threat in Florida. | | | Back in January a helicopter swooped low over the swamp and sprayed a potent cocktail of Rodeo, one of a handful of herbicides legal to use around water. |
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http://www.sptimes.com/News/92699/Floridian/Project__Eradicate_Ol.shtml
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| | Climbing fern - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | On the other hand, two other species - Lygodium japonicum and Lygodium microphyllum - are exotic weeds throughout the deep south of the U. S., growing in a variety of soils. | | | The fronds may be from three to ten meters long, depending on the species. | | | The Climbing Ferns are an unusual group of plants (genus Lygodium) of tropical zones, with one temperate and one subtropical species. |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climbing_fern
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| | Tropical Plant List Ferns exclusively |
| | Excellent as a pot plant, outstanding in a hanging basket for a houseplant. | | | Rather tolerant of dry conditions, thus a handsome house plant for a vertical effect. | | | 10607 MICROGRAMMA PALMERII [NITIDA] POLYP TERR TGH $ 10.00 Many semiglossy small elongated-oval fronds over the slim slightly flatened rhizomes meandering over cork or treefern; because this fern evolved upon tropical treetrunks, it survives low humidity better than some; but thrives when given artifical rain forest (good humidity) conditions in a terrarium. |
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http://www.glasshouseworks.com/fernpage.html
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| | AllRefer.com - climbing plant (Botany, General) - Encyclopedia |
| | climbing plant, any plant that in growing to its full height requires some support. | | | AllRefer.com - climbing plant (Botany, General) - Encyclopedia | | | Climbing types are to be found in nearly every group of plant, e.g., the ferns (climbing fern), palms (rattan), grasses (some bamboos), lilies (gloriosa lily), and cacti (night-blooming cereus). |
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http://reference.allrefer.com/encyclopedia/C/climb-pl.html
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| | OLD WORLD CLIMBING FERN |
| | Apply herbicides any time of year, but for most consistent results, apply when plants are actively growing and not slowed by environmental stress. | | | Use knowledge of herbicide characteristics to minimize non-target damage by careful selection and application of herbicide, and make case-by-case evaluation of acceptable non-target damage levels. | | | Removal of dead climbing fern can be costly, but dead material inhibits growth of desirable vegetation, and provides a medium for germination of remaining spores, a trellis for growth of new plants, and a fuel for fire. |
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http://www.fleppc.org/Exotic_Guides/Lyg_control.htm
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| | Fighting the Old Wold Climbing Fern: Florida Environment Radio |
| | For most of Florida's invasive nuisance plants--Australian Pine, Melaleuca or Brazilian Pepper--Scientists have to look back 70 years or more to determine when the plants came to Florida. | | | Efforts to control a prolific plant invading South Florida have met with limited success. | | | Using herbicide on the Old World Climbing Fern would mean crews and equipment in the most remote parts of South Florida wetlands. |
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http://www.floridaenvironment.com/programs/fe20415.htm
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| | EPA: Federal Register: Old World Climbing Fern; Availability of an Environmental Assessment and Finding of No ... |
| | It has become established in central and southern peninsular Florida where it grows in a number of wetland and mesic (having a moderate supply of moisture) habitats including hammocks, cypress swamps, flatwoods, bayheads, and disturbed sites. | | | It also forms thick mats on the ground that smother native plants. | | | (Lygodiaceae), is a climbing fern that has a large native range that extends through much of the Old World tropics. |
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http://www.epa.gov/fedrgstr/EPA-IMPACT/2004/October/Day-04/i2472.htm
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| | Treatment Old World Climbing Fern |
| | One of the few invasive plants along the Lake Wales Ridge that invades intact or undisturbed natural communities. | | | Older patches often form dense mats both vertically and horizontally that can become greater then 3 feet thick, shading out all native plants. | | | Periods of prolonged drought also appear to limit growth rates and spread of the fern. |
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http://www.archbold-station.org/abs/landmanage/ExoticsGrant03/ExoticsMain/treatment_old_world_climbing_fer.htm
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| | Climbing Fern - LoveToKnow Garden |
| | This page was last modified 08:59, 1 Aug 2005. | | | Climbing Fern (Lygodium) - L. palmatum is an elegant N. American twining Fern, hardy in a deep, peaty, moist soil if in a sheltered and partially shady position. | | | I have so far failed with it, though I have seen it among wild shrubs in New Jersey. |
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http://garden.lovetoknow.com/wiki/Climbing_Fern
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| | Genetics underscore mites' promise as climbing fern foe |
| | That causes the fronds to swell and form tight curls that the mites then use for food and shelter. | | | The plant, known to scientists as Lygodium microphyllum, has become the state's worst invasive weed. | | | In recent years, Goolsby, Pemberton and their fellow investigators have combed the globe in search of natural enemies of the fern. |
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http://www.newfarm.org/news/2004/0704/072304/res_ferns.shtml
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| | Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council |
| | To transport a sample of fresh material, seal it in a plastic bag. | | | If you locate an infestation of climbing fern, collect a section of viney frond. | | | Illustration courtesy of Center for Aquatic and Invasive Plants, IFAS, University of Florida |
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http://www.fleppc.org/Lygodium_info.html
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| | Climbing Fern (Lygodium palmatum) |
| | Climbing fern is rare in Connecticut; it is listed as a species of special concern. | | | Like many vines, it climbs by twining around other plants. | | | The fronds are very long -- up to 15 feet -- and only around five inches wide. |
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http://www.ct-botanical-society.org/ferns/lygodiumpalm.html
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| | tree fern on Encyclopedia.com |
| | Sometimes other similar primitive plants are also called tree fern, e.g., species of cycad. | | | Lygodium or Old World Climbing Fern, an exotic plant native to Africa, Asia and Australia, has infested over 110,000 acres of South Florida including the Everglades. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/t1/treefern.asp
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| | Water Resources of Florida-FY 2003-Current Distribution and Control of the Invasive Old World Climbing Fern on the ... |
| | These data also can be used by other biologists to identify methods of control. | | | The results of this study will provide core information needed for the control of Old World climbing fern on the refuge and throughout the South Florida Ecosystem. | | | There will be three primary products from this project: 1) Basic information about the life history characteristics of Old World climbing fern and the factors that contribute to its spread and factors that may help to control it. |
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http://fl.water.usgs.gov/Miami_Studies/current_distrib_climbing_fern_proj.htm
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| | Polk Group of the Florida Chapter of the Sierra Club |
| | The Japanese fern, more prevalent in north Florida, is moving south. | | | Lakeland Highlands Scrub was purchased in July 2001 and is located in the south Lakeland area - a location map is available at www.polk-county.net or call 863 534-7377 for directions. | | | Massive state eradication efforts have been undertaken but have apparently resulted in only temporary setbacks for the plants. |
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http://florida.sierraclub.org/polk/polk_newspage.asp?apr_03
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| | Dept. of Environmental Protection (DEP) State Lands: Old World Climbing Fern |
| | A native to Eastern Asia, Old World climbing fern was first introduced into the United States in the 1930s (or before) for use as a landscape ornamental plant. | | | The fern was first reported living in the wild in Florida during the late 1950s in Martin County. | | | In areas managed by ground fires, the climbing fern can serve as a pathway allowing fire to reach the tree crown, which normally would not burn. |
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http://www.dep.state.fl.us/lands/invaspec/2ndlevpgs/lygodium.htm
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| | Climbing Fern, Lygodium microphyllum |
| | This exotic, extremely invasive fern has not yet been found in Fern Forest but has taken over parts of Jonathan Dickinson State Park in Martin County, and is appearing in various wet places in Palm Beach County. |
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http://fig.cox.miami.edu/~scofield/sofl_plants/fern_lygodium_microphyllum.html
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| | Climbing fern???? - UBC Botanical Garden Forums |
| | I hate to be contrary, but it most probably is the Japanese climbing fern, Lygodium japonicum, a weedy species in parts of the American south. | | | The position of the leaf blades is somewhat confusing, in that they appear to be oppositely arranged (hence the similarity to clematis); however, the leaves themselves, which arise alternately from the stipe (stem) are composed of various pinnae (divisions), and these are arranged bilaterally, at least on this part of the stipe. | | | I can't ID this fern growing up a shrub in sandy moist soil and good sun |
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http://www.ubcbotanicalgarden.org/forums/showthread.php?t=2853
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| | Robert W Service - Otago Central |
| | Global Search for Climbing Fern's Foes - Robert W. Pemberton of Agricultural Research Service |
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http://www.dfunked.com/robert-w-service.html
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| | Japanese Climbing Fern |
| | Japanese climbing fern goes through a dormant period in the winter months in which the aboveground portion of the plant dies back. | | | Photos taken in Citrus County, Florida in August of 2003. | | | Japanese climbing fern has been documented from one location at Archbold Biological Station. |
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http://www.archbold-station.org/abs/landmanage/ExoticsGrant03/ExoticsMain/japanese_climbing_fern.htm
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| | climbing fern Information |
| | Old World Climbing Fern - Biological Control of Invasive Plants in... | | | Having said that we believe that we’ve searched the super highway far and wide to provide you with the best climbing fern sites on the internet today. | | | Natural Area Weeds: Old World Climbing Fern (Lygodium microphyllum)1. |
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http://getfriendly.info/climbing/climbing-fern.html
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| | American Climbing Fern |
| | The spore cases are in small pockets on the smaller leaflets at the tip of the fern. | | | Description: The fronds of this vinelike fern can be seen twisting around saplings or shrubs. | | | Permission to copy without written authorization is expressly denied. |
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http://www.gardencountry.com/pages/ferns/americanclimbing.html
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| | Florida Nature: Lygodium japonicum - Japanese Climbing Fern |
| | Florida Nature: Lygodium japonicum - Japanese Climbing Fern | | | Unless otherwise indicated next to the thumbnail images, all photographs were taken by Emily Earp or Josh Hillman and are copyrighted. |
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http://www.floridanature.org/species.asp?species=Lygodium_japonicum
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