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| | Cereal - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
 | | Wheat crops are mostly grasses cultivated for their edible seeds (actually a fruit called a grain, technically a caryopsis). | | | Cereal grains are grown in greater quantities worldwide than any other type of crop and provide more calories to the human race. |
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http://www.encyclopedia-online.info/Cereal
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| | Caryopsis - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia |
| | The term grain is also used in a more general sense as synonymous with cereal (as in cereal grains). | | | Considering that the fruit wall and the seed are intimately fused into a single unit, and the caryopsis or grain is a dry fruit, it is not surprising that in general usage little concern is given to technically separating the terms "fruit" and "seed" in these plant structures. | | | The caryopsis is loosely called a grain and is the fruit typical of the |
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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caryopsis
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| | Professional Pasta - Pasta raw materials |
| | The caryopsis of the wheat (grain) is structured as in the diagram we have published, independently of whether it is "durum" or "soft", or whether it is cultivated in the great flood plains of the Ukraine, or in the ex-prairies of North America. | | | It is the embryo destined to create a new plant (let's not forget that the caryopsis of the wheat is a seed...). | | | That is, with a 50% sifting rate, the parts farthest from the floury kernel or the layers nearest to the cortical part of the grain will be excluded from the flour. |
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http://www.professionalpasta.it/dir_1/flour_1.htm
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| | Abstract -- Influence of weed density on maize seed quality |
| | Caryopsis produced at the different weed densities were harvested at the end of the growing season and subjected to a series of germination and vigor tests. | | | Knowledge with regard to the influence of weed competition on quality (germination and vigor) of the produced caryopsis of Zea mays L. provide information on the degree of interference between the weed and the crop and the influence of weed/crop interference on the quality of the produced grain. | | | Small scale farmers in Africa employ the practice of using produced maize caryopsis (F2 seed) from one season as seed for the next season. |
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http://www.mrsars.usda.gov/morris/recntpub/98REPRNT/JDTFF.HTM
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| | Fruit Terminology (Part 2) |
| | Note: In the grain or caryopsis, the pericarp is fused with the seed coat. | | | These two leathery bracts enclosed the grain or caryopsis. | | | A grain (caryopsis) removed from spikelet ( B). |
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http://waynesword.palomar.edu/termfr2.htm
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| | Grain - Art History Online Reference and Guide |
| | In agriculture, a grain is a type of simple dry fruit technically called a caryopsis. | | | Such crops are often called cereals (grain can also refer to other types of seeds, though this is technically less correct). | | | In geology, a grain is a single particle of rock or other material, such as sand or salt ; see grain size. |
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http://www.arthistoryclub.com/art_history/Grain
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| | CSIRO PUBLISHING - Australian Journal of Botany |
| | The influences of caryopsis size, or of the proportion of remaining endosperm, on germination and seedling emergence from different depths in sand were studied. | | | However, the dry weight of the seedlings and the rate of root and shoot lengthening were significantly influenced by the proportion of the endosperm that remained on the caryopses. | | | Freshly harvested caryopses are in non-deep physiological dormancy, causing slow and low germination. |
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http://www.publish.csiro.au/nid/65/paper/BT03149.htm
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| | Barley |
| | In these the caryopsis is free of the lemma and palea and threshes out free as in wheat. | | | In most barley varieties the lema and palea adhere to the caryopsis and are a part of the grain following threshing. | | | The barley kernel consists of the caryopsis, or internal seed, the lemma and palea. |
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http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/Crops/Barley.html
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| | Old World Bluestem: Planting, Stand Establishment, and Early Stand Production Management, with Considerations for Other ... |
| | Chaffy seed is somewhat protected from physical damage, insects, and disease by the bracts, or chaff, around the caryopsis. | | | Naked caryopsis tends to require better soil moisture relationships and can be damaged more than chaffy seed by direct fertilizer contact. | | | With early plantings of Old World bluestem, a first crop can die because of drought, and the germination reserve of chaffy seed can emerge with later rainfall, which can be crucial to stand success under limited moisture. |
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http://www.noble.org/Ag/Forage/OldWorldBluestem/page5.html
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| | American Journal of Botany, 64, 8, September, 1977 |
| | Surrounding the rice grain is the caryopsis coat composed of the pericarp, seed coat and nucellar layers. | | | The aleurone completely surrounds the rice grain and is composed of two cell types-aleurone cells that surround the starchy endosperm and modified aleurone cells that surround the germ. | | | Transfer aleurone cells are not observed in the mature rice caryopsis. |
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http://www.botany.org/ajb/00029122_di001768.html
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| | Grain |
| | In agriculture, such crops are often called cereals (grain can also refer to other types of seeds, though this is technically less correct). | | | a grain is a type of simple dry fruit technically called a caryopsis. |
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http://www.mywiseowl.com/index.php?title=Grain&action=creativecommons
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| | Items from the Russian Federation. |
| | Plants with caryopses of different colors in a spike were discovered among matromorphic progenies that were produced by pollinating flowers of a summer soft wheat with the pollen of summer barley (Kyzlasov 1998). | | | The plants with pigmented grains differ from normal plants by lower level of sprouting of seed in the spike and by better growth of the stubble after harvest. | | | The segregation of caryopsis color occurs in the F1 hybrid plants. |
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http://wheat.pw.usda.gov/ggpages/awn/47/Textfiles/RUSSIA.html
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| | Tef and Finger Millet: Archaeobotanical Studies of Two Indigenous East African Cereals -- M.A. Thesis -- |
| | Lastly, identification criteria were applied to a sample of archaeological Eragrostis grains from Ona Nagast, near Aksum in Ethiopia, to determine their effectiveness for classifying ancient domesticated tef grains. | | | Modern reference specimens and light microscopy are used to make morphological comparisons between domesticated and wild species of tef and finger millet grains. | | | There was considerable variation in grain shape and seed coast pattern within domesticated finger millet. |
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http://www.sfu.ca/archaeology/dept/gradstu/theses/masters/jackman.htm
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| | Melocanna baccifera |
| | Caryopsis very large, fleshy, pear-shaped, the stalk is inserted at the thick end and the apex terminates in a curved beak. | | | A more or less round shaped white-coloured embryo with a broad fleshy cotyledonary body is present inside the seed cavity. | | | The species can be recognised easily by diffused clump habit, having culm-sheath straight for about two-third of the way up, then once or twice transversely waved with subulate flagelliform blade (Alam, 1982). |
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http://www.inbar.int/publication/txt/tr17/Melocanna/baccifera.htm
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| | Mass allocation and self-burial of Aristida tuberculosa florets |
| | In field-collected propaguies, caryopsis mass and awn length were inversely related to soil fertility; mean per-floret mass and relative investment in awn and caryopsis did not differ among fields. | | | In the greenhouse, soil fertility did not influence mean per-floret mass or awn length, but fertilized plant florets had lighter caryopses and greater relative investment in awn than unfertilized plant florets. | | | We examined the influence of soil fertility on mass allocation in Aristida plants and florets, and the consequences of relative investment in caryopsis and awn for self-burial on litter and bare substrate. |
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http://www.uga.edu/srel/Reprint/2229.htm
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| | 22. Effects of temperature on the occurrence of notched grain in rice |
| | Records were also taken for average temperature during the caryopsis elongation period, represented by the average temperature during a 15 day-period starting from the heading date of the earliest plant among the population. | | | On the other hand, population mean for the caryopsis length showed a very small range of variation, and it was independent of the notched grain occurrence. | | | The distribution pattern markedly differed according to growing conditions, namely, the percentage of plants with notched grain varied from 25 to 100%, and the maximum notched grain percentage within a population varied from 43 to 100%. |
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http://www.shigen.nig.ac.jp/rice/rgn/vol3/v3III22.html
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| | Dry fruits |
| | - Caryopsis are fruits with the seed stuck to the pericarp. |
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http://www.botanical-online.com/frutossecosangles.htm
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| | Poaceae. Tribe 20. Cynodonteae [Draft] |
| | Enteropogon is closely related to Chloris, the flattened fertile floret and caryopsis being the most reliable distinguishing features. | | | Spikelets laterally compressed, floret 1; lower glume usually absent; upper glume as long as spikelet, enclosing floret, laterally compressed, leathery, rounded on back, smooth, glossy, apex acute or midvein excurrent into mucro; lemma membranous, 1--3-veined, apex acute or emarginate; palea reduced or absent. | | | Caryopsis fusiform, embryo nearly as long as caryopsis. |
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http://www.fna.org/china/mss/volume22/htm_20_Cynodonteae.htm
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| | minutes7-1-99 |
| | Arnold noted that these studies were on freshly harvested seeds, and that perhaps quackgrass seed(s) with a caryopsis 1/3 the length of the palea found in a noxious weed test would not be considered fresh seed, the seed having set in storage, and desiccation taking place of the seed(s) in question. | | | Arnold provided a photograph of two quackgrass seeds, one having little to no developed caryopsis (an inert), the other seed having a caryopsis close to 1/3 the length of the palea of the seed. | | | A list of questions were provided to answer relating to the fact that the seed with a caryopsis 1/3 the length of the palea would be a countable ‘weed seed’ because the seed did not meet the criteria of ‘inert matter’ as described under AOSA Rule 2.10,b,(2),(d). |
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http://www.frsa.org/minutes/minutes7-1-99.htm
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| | LAB HANDOUT |
| | The CARYOPSIS [fruit of the grass family - POACEAE] is similar in structure BUT pericarp and seed are united. | | | CARYOPSIS : More than one carpel BUT only a single seed. | | | Corn (maize) - FRUIT is a CARYOPSIS but the EAR is a MULTIPLE fruit [fruits from separate flowers of a single INFLORESCENCE combined in a single structure. |
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http://www.csdl.tamu.edu/FLORA/328Fall98/328FruitLab/fruits.htm
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| | Items from the Russian Federation. |
| | The pigment was produced in the caryopses as the result of The use of grain xenia-color genes makes it possible to mark and select caryopses within a separate spike that are carriers of the genes determining large grains. | | | The segregation of caryopsis color in the F1 hybrid plants was 7 light-colored : 9 pigmented (1.284 light : 1.662 dark). | | | Genetic linkage between endosperm color and caryopsis size in soft wheat hybrids. |
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http://grain.jouy.inra.fr/ggpages/awn/49/Textfiles/RUSSIA.html
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| | Two snowbed grasses Phippsia algida and P. concinna - one or two species ? |
| | Lemma and caryopsis morphology were also studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of cultivated plants from ten populations. | | | He stated that when studied in the field at the end of good seasons, the species are easily distinguished from each other based on characters such as panicle width (or pedicel angle), caryopsis width, and lemma hairiness (cf. | | | The most reliable characters separating the species were the number of stamens, caryopsis shape, pedicel angle, lemma hairiness, and lemma hair length. |
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http://home.no.net/aares/Phi-v2.htm
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| | Maize Article - Encyclopedia of Culture and Society of Mexico |
| | The individual maize grain is botanically a caryopsis, a dry fruit containing a single seed fused to the inner tissues of the fruit case. | | | Each of the female spikelets encloses two fertile florets, one of whose ovaries will mature into a maize kernel once sexually fertilized by wind-blown pollen. | | | The seed contains two sister structures, a germ from which a new plant will develop, and an endosperm which will provide nutrients for that germinating seedling until the seedling establishes sufficient leaf area to become autotrophic. |
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http://maize.agron.iastate.edu/maizearticle.html
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| | Journal of Range Management -- contents |
| | Caryopsis weight and planting depth of blue grama, II. | | | Caryopsis weight and planting depth of blue grama, I. morphology, emergence, and seedling growth | | | Leaf water potential trends in three grasses native to semiarid Argentina |
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http://digital.library.arizona.edu/jrm/jrm_nav/V40N03.htm
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| | What is a wheat berry? - |
| | The caryopses are produced in a terminal cluster of inflorescences, the 'ear' of wheat. | | | For practical purposes, the caryopsis consists of three parts: the embryo plant, the endosperm, and the bran. | | | The ears are rolled or beaten to separate the chaff--the glumes, lemmata, and paleae--from the grains. |
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http://www.killerplants.com/weird-plants/20031009.asp
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| | Debbie Solomon |
| | Seed analysts are responsible for maintaining seed testing procedures in the laboratory, storing the seed in optimum conditions, keeping abreast of new and innovative techniques involving seed or caryopsis and assisting the public with technical advice in this field. | | | Our seed store predominately holds Australian orthodox tree and shrub species however we have also stored grass caryopsis, semi-recalcitrate and recalcitrate seed. | | | I am a seed analyst and a current member of the Seed Analyst Society of Australia. |
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http://www.ffp.csiro.au/tigr/staff/debbiecvb2.htm
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| | Fruits & Seeds |
| | { 0522.JPG } { 0524.JPG } { 0535.JPG } The corn kernel is actually a fruit (caryopsis or grain) where the seed coat is fused to the pericarp (ovary wall). | | | Pericarp (from ovary wall) is attached to the seed coat. | | | Examples: maple seeds { 1635.JPG }, nuts such as acorns from oaks { 0598.JPG }, corn kernels (caryopsis or grain). |
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http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/Nickrent.Lecs/Fruits.html
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| | Olio di riso |
| | “Caryopsis “ insinuates mortal assonances, evoking the image of an inexorable insect devoted to rot and oxidise the health of what he rots, a “woodworm of health “, that to make healthy the rice oil is (luckily!) set apart for principle and since the beginning. | | | Since the “caryopsis “ is not other but the grain, if it is not made of grains (called “caryopsis “ so it is less noted, and further...and then the amid oil...), of what is done this rice oil? | | | Indeed - the explanation results unequivocal - the rice oil extraction is made “after setting apart the caryopsis “. |
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http://www.cesil.com/0700/INGLESE/Angele2.htm
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| | grass on Encyclopedia.com |
| | (In other flowering plants the inflorescences are clusters of separate flowers, never spikelets.) The dry seedlike fruit is called a caryopsis, or grain. | | | The flowers are of a unique form, the inflorescence being subdivided into spikelets each containing one or more tiny florets. | | | Economically the grass family is of far greater importance than any other. |
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http://www.encyclopedia.com/html/g1/grass.asp
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| | caryopsis - OneLook Dictionary Search |
| | Words similar to caryopsis : caryopses, caryopsides, grain, more... | | | Caryopsis : Pest Management Glossary [ home, info ] | | | caryopsis : Flora of New South Wales [ home, info ] |
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http://www.onelook.com/?w=caryopsis&ls=a
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| | Wheat, the big picture: wheat grain growth and development |
| | Wheat grain endosperm embryo terminal spikelet germination flowering Anthesis stem floret anther aleurone antipodal differentiate dormancy fertilization double ridge glume integument meristem node nucellus pericarp primordia scutellum seed tiller triticum genes micrographs microscopy nucellar pillar epidermis lodicules internode flag leaf cuticle crease coleoptile coleorhiza caryopsis apex cDNA nucleus cell wall starch | | | Wheat, the big picture: wheat grain growth and development |
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http://www.wheatbp.net
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| | Functional Genomics of Developing Barley Seeds - Overview |
| | The major goals of the project are the provision of the necessary material (mainly cDNAs and high density arrays thereof) and the establishment of the technologies to allow a systematic analysis of gene expression during barley seed development. | | | cDNA libraries were produced from the early caryopsis development 0-12 DAF ( http://pgrc.ipk-gatersleben.de). | | | In the second phase, almost 1,440 clones representing mostly unique sequences from early caryopsis development were selected to create a high density cDNA macroarray filter (unigene set from HY cDNA library). |
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http://pgrc.ipk-gatersleben.de/seeds/index.php
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| | [No title] |
| | These lateral roots are present in the ungerminated caryopsis (kernel, seed) - they are formed during embryogenesis. | | | The juvenile vs adult status is characterized by particular anatomical traits: wax and hair distribution, presence or absence of epidermal cell types, cell wall shape and biochemistry. | | | The caryopsis is the typical fruit structure of the grass (Poaceae / Gramineae) family. |
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http://www.maizemap.org/MMP_Downloads/POC/Zea_mays_anatomy_ontology_definitions.txt
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| | Sorghum and millets in human nutrition |
| | In these utricle-type kernels the pericarp easily breaks away, leaving the seed-coat or testa to protect the inner endosperm. | | | The relative distribution of the three main kernel components varies. | | | The pericarp of the pearl millet caryopsis consists of an epicarp with one or two cell layers, a mesocarp that varies in thickness because of genetic factors and an endocarp made up of cross and tube cells. |
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http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/T0818e/T0818E02.htm
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| | Fox Seed Germination |
| | The coleoptile is enlarged, elongated and curving slightly upward (left center), while the coleorhiza has completely emerged (center right), as has the trichome hairs (center right) and the radicle (upper right). | | | Notice the cute residual stigma still remaining from fertilization (left). | | | In our research on seed germination we refer to this as the S1R1 germination state (first shoot, first root). |
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http://www.agron.iastate.edu/~Weeds/Fox/FoxSeed/germination.html
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| | LF Randolph Books |
| | Developmental morphology of the caryopsis in maize (Journal of agricultural research) | | | Title: Developmental morphology of the caryopsis in maize (Journal of agricultural research) | | | Chromosome numbers in Zea mays L (Memoir / Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station) |
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http://www.limotransportation.info/at-LF-Randolph_books.php
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| | oats -- Encyclopædia Britannica |
| | The flowering and fruiting structure, or inflorescence, of the plant is made up of numerous branches bearing florets that produce the caryopsis, or one-seeded fruit. | | | The wild oat was first found in western Europe, apparently as… |
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http://www.britannica.com/eb/article?eu=58030&tocid=0
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| | TITEL |
| | Plant seed development is driven by sets of processes integrated between the different tissues. | | | 40,000 caryopsis-specific ESTs from 4 different cDNA libraries and employed macroarrays containing sequences from 1,400 cDNA inserts to study gene expression patterns in maternal and filial tissue preparations during the pre-storage and early storage phase of barley caryopsis development. |
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http://www.biologie.hu-berlin.de/~symposium/abs_wobus.html
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| | Untitled Document |
| | Fruit an akene or grain (caryopsis), indehiscent and 1 seeded; perianth of LEMMA, and PALEA (sometimes inconspicuous, of scales, bristles, or hairs) | | | ----2 Stems jointed often hollow; leaves always present, 2 ranked, fruit a grain (caryopsis) seldom angled |
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http://www.bethel.edu/~johgre/Bio361Tax/TaxMonoGlu1.html
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| | AACC Definitions / Reports - Whole Grain |
| | "Whole grains shall consist of the intact, ground, cracked or flaked caryopsis, whose principal anatomical components - the starchy endosperm, germ and bran - are present in the same relative proportions as they exist in the intact caryopsis.” | | | More information on AACC International’s definition of whole grain: | | | The following definition was approved and accepted by the AACC International Board of Directors in 1999: |
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http://www.aaccnet.org/definitions/wholegrain.asp
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| | Turfgrass Seed Information |
| | Characteristics used in seed identification of the major warm-season turfgrasses. | | | Each burr with 2 to 6 spikelets, caryopsis is brownish |
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http://www.agry.purdue.edu/turf/agry510/seed.html
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| | BGN 17: Allelic relationships of genes for naked caryopsis mutants in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) |
| | Naked caryopsis (hulless) mutants in barley are characterized by complete detachability of the hulls (lemma and palea) on threshing, whereas in covered (hulled) barleys hull remains completely attached with the grain on threshing. | | | The objectives of the study were: (a) to ascertain the allelic relationships of the mutated genes and (b) to ascertain the number of genes controlling expression of the mutant phenotype. | | | Allelic relationships of genes for naked caryopsis character of barley in three different hulless mutant lines of hulled variety 'HBL 110' and a hulless variety 'Dolmal were investigated. |
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http://grain.jouy.inra.fr/ggpages/bgn/17/a17-13.html
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| | Fox Caryopsis |
| | Placental pore (right, center) is white, where the seed pedicel was attached to the parent plant. | | | The horn-like projections were removed when these caryopses were dissected dry from the covering hull (lemma, palea) structures. | | | The dry, shrunken embryo within the endosperm of a giant foxtail ( Setaria faberii) caryopsis can be seen in this electron micrograph. |
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http://www.agron.iastate.edu/~weeds/Fox/FoxSeed/caryopsis.html
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| | Ibetech - Bioetanolo |
| | The new technology for exploiting corn grain biomass, particularly its caryopsis, is based on the need to recover all its main components singly, selectively and in conditions of optimum purity, by means of a series of conversion processes organized in a specific sequence. | | | Co-products such as VEGETABLE PROTEIN, VEGETABLE OIL and BRAN enriched with PEPTIDES are therefore available for commercialization: all very interesting substances, due to their vitamin and protein content (which remain unchanged) and their high standard of digestibility for human and animal nutrition. | | | The main component substances of the caryopsis and germ are extracted in extreme purity and their specific nutritional characteristics remain unchanged. |
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http://www.ibetech.it/eng/bioetanolo.htm
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| | Fruits |
| | Knowing the type of fruit a plant has might help you to identify it, and might also help you to know when the seeds are ready to harvest. | | | A Caryopsis is a simple dry indehiscent fruit, like an achene, but with the seedcoat fused with the fruit coat. | | | All members of the Mint Family ( Lamiaceae) have this type of fruit. |
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http://theseedsite.co.uk/fruits.html
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| | Literature search |
| | In space, Arabidopsis hypocotyls also elongated in a variety of directions and about 10% of the hypocotyls grew into the agar medium. | | | Microgravity in space stimulated elongation growth of both rice coleoptiles and Arabidopsis hypocotyls by making their cell walls extensible. | | | In space, rice coleoptiles showed an inclination toward the caryopsis in the basal region and also a spontaneous curvature in the same direction in the elongating region. |
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http://acorn.cshl.org/db/literature/pub_search?ref_id=8165
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| | Kuspira and Bhambani |
| | You make a cross between the long awned, covered caryopsis variety Baronesse and the short awned, hulless variety Shonkin. | | | The F1 has the genotype Lk2lk2Nn, has long awns and is covered. | | | Covered caryopsis is N, naked caryopsis is nn. |
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http://hordeum.oscs.montana.edu/class/kuspira.htm
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